{"id":174168,"date":"2020-04-08T13:47:35","date_gmt":"2020-04-08T10:47:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.moksop.org\/?p=174168"},"modified":"2020-04-22T21:47:37","modified_gmt":"2020-04-22T18:47:37","slug":"urban-opera-of-boris-mikhailov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/moksop.org\/en\/urban-opera-of-boris-mikhailov\/","title":{"rendered":"Urban opera of Boris Mikhailov"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243; max_width=&#8221;820px&#8221; max_width_tablet=&#8221;100%&#8221; max_width_phone=&#8221;100%&#8221; max_width_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0||0||false|false&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;0px|0px|0|0px|false|false&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.47&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243; _dynamic_attributes=&#8221;content&#8221; text_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;45px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1.2em&#8221; header_font=&#8221;|600|||||||&#8221; header_text_align=&#8221;center&#8221; header_font_size=&#8221;35px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||0px&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; text_font_size_tablet=&#8221;&#8221; text_font_size_phone=&#8221;25px&#8221; text_font_size_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221;]@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF90aXRsZSIsInNldHRpbmdzIjp7ImJlZm9yZSI6IjxoMT4iLCJhZnRlciI6IjwvaDE+In19@[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_3,1_3,1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.25&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;30px||30px|&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;10px||10px&#8221; border_width_top=&#8221;1px&#8221; border_color_top=&#8221;#d8d8d8&#8243; border_width_bottom=&#8221;1px&#8221; border_color_bottom=&#8221;#d8d8d8&#8243;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.47&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243; _dynamic_attributes=&#8221;content&#8221; text_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;15px&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;center&#8221;]@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF9kYXRlIiwic2V0dGluZ3MiOnsiYmVmb3JlIjoiIiwiYWZ0ZXIiOiIiLCJkYXRlX2Zvcm1hdCI6ImN1c3RvbSIsImN1c3RvbV9kYXRlX2Zvcm1hdCI6ImQvbS95In19@[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.47&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243; _dynamic_attributes=&#8221;link_option_url&#8221; text_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;15px&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;center&#8221; link_option_url=&#8221;@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF9saW5rX3VybF9wYWdlIiwic2V0dGluZ3MiOnsicG9zdF9pZCI6IjE3MzI4OSJ9fQ==@&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Olena Chervonik<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.47&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243; _dynamic_attributes=&#8221;content&#8221; text_font=&#8221;||||||||&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;15px&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;center&#8221;]@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF9jYXRlZ29yaWVzIiwic2V0dGluZ3MiOnsiYmVmb3JlIjoiIiwiYWZ0ZXIiOiIiLCJsaW5rX3RvX3Rlcm1fcGFnZSI6Im9uIiwic2VwYXJhdG9yIjoiIHwgIiwiY2F0ZWdvcnlfdHlwZSI6ImNhdGVnb3J5In19@[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;3.25&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;||3%&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.47&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; custom_css_main_element=&#8221;margin: auto;&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/www.moksop.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/mikhailov-article.jpg&#8221; align=&#8221;center&#8221; align_tablet=&#8221;center&#8221; align_phone=&#8221;&#8221; align_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243; text_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;14px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1.8em&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;center&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;20px||30px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221;]Photo courtesy of Boris and Vita Mikhailov[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p>In 1997, after a year of living in Berlin, Boris Mikhailov returned to Kharkiv, Ukraine just in time to observe some tectonic socio-economic shifts happening to his native city. The dismantling of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s brought about the long-awaited relief from the stifling Soviet order; the relief that was immediately marred with a spiraling economic down fall. Unregulated, vertiginous freedom of the 1990s emerged as a wild, chaotic period when everything became possible almost overnight: propelling into extreme affluence or rolling to the margins of the society into abject poverty. With his keen eye and a sensitivity of an astute observer, Mikhailov recorded this condition of a \u201czero state\u201d of the new society, that was just emerging from the ruins of a previous political and cultural formation, in his most controversial photographic project \u201cCase History\u201d, executed in 1997 \u2013 1998 and published in a book format in 1999 [1].<\/p>\n<p>In the book preface, Mikhailov explains that already in 1997 he vividly apprehended the rupture of Ukrainian society into new, burgeoning social strata, when the new rich and the new poor began to acquire features of class identities with their own psychology and behavioral modalities. The new rich were already hard to approach, protecting themselves with bodyguards and other social fences. The new poor, however, specifically the bomzhes (homeless people with no social support) could still allow an outsider in their midst \u2013 this was \u201ca chance\u201d, according to Mikhailov, that could only last for a short period of time. Most of the book\u2019s protagonists had only recently lost their homes. Their rapidly deteriorating social position was still uncertain, malleable, and flickering with hope. Yet, the transformation was inevitable, which propelled the artist to act: \u201cFor me it was very important that I took their photos when they were still like \u201cnormal\u201d people. I made a book about the people who got into trouble but didn\u2019t manage to harden so far\u201d [2].<\/p>\n<p>Case History has been widely publicized since its release, meriting multiple exhibitions including the one at MOMA New York in 2011. However, the number of exhibition projects Case History participated in does not corroborate the bulk of scholarship on Mikhailov. The word \u201cbulk\u201d is also a misnomer as it presupposes weight and count, while in reality the scholarship consists just of a handful of articles apart from equally scarce introductions to artists\u2019 other books. Moreover, the critical discourse on Mikhailov seems to be firmly fixated on the questions of ethics of relationships between the artist and his photographic subjects [3]. However important the questions on ethics of social relationships are, the text that follows departs from a different angle, that of \u201cdocumentariness\u201d of the project, which has largely been neglected or mentioned only in passing. Mikhailov insists in calling his photographs of the homeless documentary at the same time claiming the following: \u201cDocumentary cannot be truth. Documentary pictures are one-sided, only one part of the conversation. Anyway, documentary pictures are not possible anymore with digital technology as nobody believes in the truth of pictures [\u2026] For Case History, old documentary methods weren\u2019t possible \u2014 it was important and necessary for me to find new methods to show this life\u201d [4].<\/p>\n<p>After a brief semiotic reading of the project\u2019s formal aspects, the paper then situates it within the general framework of the documentary genre and specifically its origin in the Farm Security Administration photographic efforts of the Great Depression in the US in the 1930s. Then it proceeds to show how Mikhailov has appropriated some of the documentary tropes and has purposefully contravened with the others. With this act of transgression, Mikhailov has exposed the limits of representation of the documentary genre simultaneously exposing the limits of representation at large and the position of the artist within the process of breaking the documentary mold.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243; header_3_font=&#8221;Open Sans|700|||||||&#8221; header_3_font_size=&#8221;24px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;45px||10px||false|false&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3>Turning real lives into writing<\/h3>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243; locked=&#8221;off&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Case History resulted in over 400 photographs, that have been exhibited widely, often in an almost life-size format, and also published as a book with an introductory essay and scant artist\u2019s verbal commentaries. To be precise, commentaries appear twice. First time, almost at the beginning, on a page titled \u201cRequiem\u201d, Mikhailov points out that three of his protagonists died within three months of photographing them. Second time, the visual narrative, that otherwise contains no captions or verbal elements of any kind, is suddenly interrupted closer to the end of the book. \u201cOh, I forgot to say,\u201d exclaims the artist and gives a couple of almost arbitrary details about two characters, singled out from several dozens of others, silently parading through the pages. This exclamation, almost odd and certainly comical in its randomness, covertly delivers artist\u2019s astute equation of the visual to the verbal which constitutes a text weaved as a conglomeration of elements whose juxtapositions produce meaning. Thus photography here turns into a mode of writing, with each individual image surfacing as a lexical unit whose meaning develops through relations with other units.<\/p>\n<p>Mikhailov\u2019s visual narrative that emerges forcefully through these juxtapositions, is coarse and traumatic to apprehend. In a kaleidoscopic and over-saturated whirlpool of human and animal bodies, close-ups of some objects, street and domestic scenes, homelessness appears as an ambiguous and often metaphoric notion that defies documentary dimensions. Ironically, some of the book protagonists who bear definite markers of destitution and thus \u201chomelessness\u201d are portrayed in a domestic interior. In a privacy of some apartment, they sleep or bathe, apply make-up, pose with some domestic animals or knick-knacks, eat, often in a very festive manner, raising glasses, with bottles of vodka featured prominently on the table. The home is not theirs, of course, but that of the artist who invites his photographic subjects inside his apartment and purposefully stages the scenes, orchestrating desired postures and gestures.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/www.moksop.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/2-4.jpg&#8221; align=&#8221;center&#8221; align_tablet=&#8221;center&#8221; align_phone=&#8221;&#8221; align_last_edited=&#8221;on|desktop&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;30px||||false|false&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243; text_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;14px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1.8em&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;center&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;20px||30px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Mikhailov, Boris. <em>Case History<\/em>. Zurich: Scalo, 1999. Series \u2013 1997-1998.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p>Side by side to these interiors, Mikhailov places street shots, often from crowded places such as impromptu street markets or bus stops. These scenes are obviously not staged. The movements and arrangements of the passers-by are hardly manipulated by the artist. Yet, people from the street shots look uncannily similar to the main protagonists of Mikhailov\u2019s book. In worn-out mismatched clothing that resists temporal identification, existing outside of any kind of fashion and thus season, year, or even decade, these people stoop over equally decrepit goods sold by petty peddlers directly off the dirty pavement or sheepishly flock around a road sign waiting for an ever delayed bus. The whole country appears homeless, displaced and propelled into some social and political limbo. Shop signs on some of the photographs further perpetuate the eerie sense of disorientation and a hidden desire to stabilize the surrounding world.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/www.moksop.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/4-3.jpg&#8221; align=&#8221;center&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;30px||||false|false&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243; text_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;14px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1.8em&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;center&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;20px||30px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Mikhailov, Boris. <em>Case History<\/em>. Zurich: Scalo, 1999. Series \u2013 1997-1998.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/www.moksop.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/3-1.jpg&#8221; align=&#8221;center&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;30px||||false|false&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243; text_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;14px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1.8em&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;center&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;20px||30px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Mikhailov, Boris. <em>Case History<\/em>. Zurich: Scalo, 1999. Series \u2013 1997-1998.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p>Contrary to the typical advertising logic that lures consumers to choose between brands and types of goods, the shop signs in Ukraine of the 1990s indicate the most basic categories: \u201cBread\u201d, \u201cRestaurant\u201d, \u201cFresh Flowers\u201d, \u201cVodka\u201d \u2013 they do not advertise but serve as some kind of anchorage, a stable orientation point for those perennial wanderers lost in a vacuous labyrinth of post-communist collapse.<\/p>\n<p>Mikhailov\u2019s visual pairings deliver unambiguous messages, almost violent in their straightforwardness. Multiple juxtapositions of unconsciously drunk men prostrating under passers-by feet to that of stray dogs, dead or alive, explicitly comment on human\u2019s life disintegration to the state of an animal, its reduction to bare bones \u2013 and yes, an animal carcass, a metaphoric sign of abject poverty, is also present in this visual narrative in a scene with two men dragging a piece of spinal vertebrae of a large creature, a cow or, perhaps, a horse. Rotten banana peels sit across the page from infected flaccid limbs and genitalia. A posture of a naked woman reclining on a sullied mattress echoes that of a rubber sex doll staring from the next page. A close-up of a bruised woman\u2019s breast with a crude stitches over a wound parallels gaping cracks of a damaged mail box. Thus physical body of a homeless person starts speaking about the city as an organism, equally abused and dismembered. Wounds inflected upon flesh are surface manifestations of wounds inflected upon the city and the society at large.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=&#8221;173379,173381,173377,173375&#8243; fullwidth=&#8221;on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;30px||||false|false&#8221;][\/et_pb_gallery][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243; text_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;14px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1.8em&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;center&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;20px||30px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Mikhailov, Boris. <em>Case History<\/em>. Zurich: Scalo, 1999. Series \u2013 1997-1998.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243; locked=&#8221;off&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>These visual juxtapositions recur as some sort of punctuation, exclamation and interrogation marks in the disturbing flow of the main narrative, that of the life of the homeless. The cast of characters is diverse, from very young, almost toddlers, to the elderly, although with many of the portrayed protagonists age disappears under dirt and excrements intensified by wounds and dermatological infections that disfigure the bodies. Photographs with children are, perhaps, the most confounding, if it is possible to measure a degree of a visual shock produced by Case History. Homeless children, most of whom have not obviously reached a teenage threshold, flock in packs, sniffing glue smudged in plastic bags, smoking, drinking alcohol, exposing themselves in a state of narcotic inebriation, and touching each other\u2019s private parts. Their bodies are already tinged with decease and decay.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/www.moksop.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/9.jpg&#8221; align=&#8221;center&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;30px||||false|false&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243; text_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;14px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1.8em&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;center&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;20px||30px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Mikhailov, Boris. <em>Case History<\/em>. Zurich: Scalo, 1999. Series \u2013 1997-1998.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243; locked=&#8221;off&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Scenes with adults engaged in the activities of the same kind feature an additional level of distress for the viewer. These scenes are staged, often in a very provocative manner. Upon Mikhailov\u2019s request, his photographic subjects assume certain poses and repeat certain gestures, most of the time stripping naked, exposing themselves and reenacting some lewd scenes. Moreover, the artist speaks openly about soliciting these activities for money. He profiles this exchange in the very introduction of the book and emphasizes it in his multiple interviews. The pecuniary underpinnings of Case History appear to be its front line, the part and parcel of an overall message rather than an enabling mechanism of photographer\/subject economy that should remain hidden behind the scene.<\/p>\n<p>This is where the logic of the documentary shatters. Is it even possible to call this project documentary as it seems to violate the primary unspoken rule of the genre predicated on the assumed objectivity, non-intrusion, and non-fictionality, of recording life \u201cas is\u201d? Practically all commentators of Case History issue remarks on its performativity, often invoking metaphors of masquerade and theater. Nicolas Bourriaud extends the paradoxical comparison to the utmost degree, dubbing it \u201can urban opera\u201d- this staged form of ultimate artifice, visual and audial overabundance and exuberance, absolutely antithetical to the documentary mode [5]. Yet Bourriaud\u2019s trope seems oddly pertinent to Mikhailov\u2019s cast of graphic characters in contorted exaggerated poses and motley rags. If the visual texture and the logic of portrayal of Mikhailov\u2019s images are so theatrical, what is of documentary here?<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243; header_3_font=&#8221;Open Sans|700|||||||&#8221; header_3_font_size=&#8221;24px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;45px||10px||false|false&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3>The nature of documentary<\/h3>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p>The question bears significance for a comprehensive definition of the documentary, which seems to be a frustratingly elusive notion. The definition conundrum stems from critics\u2019 recurring erroneous emphasis on non-fictionality and objectivity as the most essential features of the documentary. Upon closer scrutiny, these features turn out to be non-differentiating: a category of non-fiction can equally subsume advertising, instructional films or plethora of other such like materials. While objectivity, believed to be located in photography\u2019s and film\u2019s indexical nature, comes across as a type of conceit which obscures these media\u2019s manipulative operations. Carl Plantinga in \u201cWhat a Documentary Is, After All\u201d summarizes two most widespread positions in regards to the documentary, demonstrating their conceptual pitfalls [6]. The Documentary as Indexical Record position asserts that it is photo\u2019s or film\u2019s indexical proximity to its referent which invests them with the documentary attributes. However, the indexicality of both media creates a deceitful impression of impartiality of recording, thus concealing their interpretive power. Even though a photo is created with the help of a mechanical device, it is the gaze of an operator behind the camera that structures its image. A photographer editorializes, consciously or subconsciously, by selecting what to shoot, how to frame the subject matter, what technical means to employ for shooting, etc. The Documentary as Assertion position claims that documentary creators assert some reliable facts that hold true in the actual world and compel the viewers to adopt a certain attitude towards these facts. Although persuasive power does play a significant role in the documentary mode, this power equally emanates from other types of representation, thus failing to be essential for defining documentary.<\/p>\n<p>Instances such as Mikhailov\u2019s Case History, that transgress objectivity and non-fictionality and issue an ambiguous message beyond a clear-cut \u201casserted position\u201d, convincingly demonstrate that the defining feature of the documentary should be located elsewhere \u2013 in its subject matter, to be precise. Documentary, rather than a medium-specific pictorial style, is primarily a genre, defined in its broad art historical sense as a container to a particular subject matter it depicts. Similarly to portraiture, landscape or still life that can feature diverse pictorial conventions depending on their historical and geographic iterations and that maintain their genre coherence in spite of those variations due to the depicted subject-matter, documentary should be defined as a depiction of the disenfranchised as they exist in the actual world, with an understanding that this depiction is inevitably going to be editorialized and manipulated. Genres as coherent pictorial forms are historically bound categories conditioned by socio-economic relations of certain times and places and subject to historical transformations. Often it is possible to mark the emergence of a genre and also observe its dissolution into a state of unimportance or total oblivion. This is certainly true of documentary, whose notion first appeared in the cultural discourse in the late 1920s in the writings of John Grierson, a sociologist turned film maker, who defined it as the \u201ccreative treatment of actuality\u201d and who was vehemently engaged in social critique of labor conditions and the overall problems of the Great Depression in the US [7] .<\/p>\n<p>Why did documentary as a defined artistic practice appear in the US context around the 1920s, if one can argue the disenfranchised and the poor have certainly existed under many other historical and social condition? John Tagg in his \u201cThe Burden of Representation\u201d asserts that the formation of the documentary was connected to the emergence of new forms of state power, new social classes and, as a consequence, new disciplinary techniques to control those classes in Western Europe and the US in the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth centuries [8]. Due to the fact that rapid industrialization acquired full force by the mid nineteenth century, a new social group was formed, that of the working class, which had to be taught social obedience and docility. The sheer number and diversity of the new workforce could not be controlled through coercion alone, thus the state power had to be transformed from punitive into ideologically affirmative:\u00a0 \u201cThe explicit, dramatic and total power of the absolute monarch had given place to what Michel Foucault has called a diffuse and pervasive \u2018microphysics of power\u2019, operating unremarked in the smallest duties and gestures of everyday life. The seat of this capillary power was a new \u2018technology\u2019: that constellation of institutions \u2013 including the hospital, the asylum, the school, the prison, the police force \u2013 whose disciplinary methods and techniques of regulated examination produced, trained and positioned a hierarchy of docile social subjects in the form required by the capitalist division of labour for the orderly conduct of social and economic life\u201d [9] .<\/p>\n<p>Photography, according to Tagg, played a decisive role in introducing new disciplinary techniques to control the masses as it provided surveillance tools to measure, observe, catalogue \u2013\u00a0 in other words, to objectify and subjugate the new social body placed in the network of new disciplinary institutions. Documentary per se appeared several decades later at the time of a specific social and economic crisis in the states, known as the Great Depression. Yet documentary was a direct heir of the surveillance and record-keeping practices of the previous decades. Moreover, around the turn of the century the US state ideology further changed from philanthropy to welfarism which triggered the change in the visual rhetoric of how the disenfranchised, a contextual synonym of the working class, had to be depicted.<\/p>\n<p>The documentary of the Depression years shaped by the paternalistic New Deal principles put into action by the Farm Security Administration and its photographic department created an archive of the subaltern portrayed in such a way so that they would qualify for social welfare disbursement. Tagg emphasizes that the documentary of the 1930s was bound to a particular social strategy:\u00a0 \u201ca liberal, corporatist plan to negotiate economic, political and cultural crisis through a limited program of structural reforms, relief measures, and a cultural intervention aimed at restructuring the order of discourse, appropriating dissent, and re-securing the threatened bonds of social consent\u201d [10].<\/p>\n<p>The documentary mode of the 1930s in the US arose as an extensive cultural formation that surfaced through art works of various media (painting, photo, dance, theater) but it was also a part of an agenda for radio and popular magazines, education and advertising [11]. Documentary was very prominent in non-fictional literature giving a head start to such forms of writing as case-worker reports, \u201cworker narratives\u201d and \u201cangry exposes of the human cost of capitalism\u201d as well as more moderate types of social science statements on workers\u2019 condition and other semi-academic and vernacular types of literature. The preoccupation with documentary was predicated on an enthusiastic belief in the possibility of social changes orchestrated by the liberal state. Documentary photography of the time was essentially propagandistic: it was meant to make the viewer recognize certain social problems and support the state in an effort to eliminate them.<\/p>\n<p>Thus documentary was closely linked to the economy monopolized by the liberal state. As this liberal state monopolization waned in the US, so did the documentary rhetoric, which after the WWII only appeared in some overgeneralized form on the pages of popular magazines such as Life and National Geographic or occasionally surfaced in other cultural spaces as sporadic outbursts of humanistic bathos similar to Steichen\u2019s exhibition The Family of Men.<\/p>\n<p>Although often described at the time as a progressive phenomena and a type of democratization of visual culture, the New Deal documentary photography has been criticized in recent years for overt victimization of the working class that was often presented in a public discourse as a monolithic, unidimensional social body, passive and helpless, and therefore necessarily dependent on the protection of the state.<\/p>\n<p>By the mid 1970s, documentary photography had lost its social currency, chastised for its liberal humanist sentimentality, propagandistic simplification, and positivist claims for objectivity. However, certain visual devices inherited from documentary apogee of the 1930s have lingered on as a part of the art discourse. The social has been transformed into the aesthetic surfacing through the visual codes of a snap-shot, a family album, a visual diary \u2013 the devices that speak of proximity and intimacy, thus able to establish an empathic connection between the viewer and a photographed subject [12].<\/p>\n<p>Coming back to Mikhailov\u2019s Case History, the artist\u2019s adoption of the documentary rhetoric is certainly predicated on his subject-matter \u2013 the homeless. Yet, his engagement with this rhetoric constitutes a practice of use and misuse. Mikhailov exploits just enough documentary conventions for his photographs to produce a semblance of objectivity and real-life record. At the same time, he manipulates most of the typical documentary visual tropes to such an extent that their corrupted counterparts begin to unsettle the logic of the genre thus creating subversive maneuvers to negotiate the discredited liberal naivete and also, most importantly, allowing Mikhailov to cast perspicacious commentaries on the nature and the limits of representation and the position of the artist.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243; header_3_font=&#8221;Open Sans|700|||||||&#8221; header_3_font_size=&#8221;24px&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;45px||10px||false|false&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221;]<\/p>\n<h3>Breaking the documentary mold [13]<\/h3>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243; locked=&#8221;off&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Not claiming to be a documentarian or a photojournalists, Mikhailov simply appropriates some visual conventions from the arsenal of cultural history. In a typical postmodern fashion, he is not concerned with developing a signature style of his own. His photographs have been described as \u201cevoking all modes of photography\u201d\u00a0 [15] , \u201cevasive and multivalent\u201d [14] , performative [16] or even unsystematic [17]. Stylistically, he has run the whole gamut of visual codes, from montage and coloring of found photographs (Luriki, 1981, Superimpositions, late 1960s \u2013 early 1970s), to performative self-portraiture with allusions to foreign cinematographic conventions (Crimean Snobbery, 1982), to imitations of archival and scientific illustrations (Unfinished Dissertation, 1984-1985). In this light, his engagement with the documentary should be understood through the mechanism of postmodern quotation with its propensity to purposeful clashes of disaccording contexts.<\/p>\n<p>In the post-communist Ukraine of the 1990s the documentary mode came across as a visual language debased of its original reformist intentionality. In a private artistic quest (as opposed to a state-commissioned chronicling of social evils), Mikhailov reverted to documentary only to profile a complete absence of the state or, in fact, any kind of coherent governance. The country at the time was stuck in a limbo: \u201cFor myself I call this situation of the country a \u201czero\u201d state, because besides the creation of the new classes, there is no advancement from point \u201czero.\u201d The dynamics of the process became relatively constant. The internal energy of the society is not directed to future creation,\u201d points out Mikhailov in the preface to Case History [18]. While the country was stumbling around, enduring social and economic stagnation, Mikhailov\u2019s documentary, that ironically misplaced visual tool of social reform, produced melancholy rather than progressivist fervor.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/www.moksop.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/12-1.jpg&#8221; align=&#8221;center&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;30px||||false|false&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243; text_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;14px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1.8em&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;center&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;20px||30px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Mikhailov, Boris. <em>Case History<\/em>. Zurich: Scalo, 1999. Series \u2013 1997-1998.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p>Zooming in onto the structure of Case History, it becomes clear that Mikhailov has turned inside out various other conventions of the genre. The most obvious divergence from the reformist ethos is manifest in abandoning the sentimental trope. In the documentary of the 1930s the imaged of the disenfranchised would always be simplified to a formula of noble poverty [19]. The oppressed, those victims of the society that had to be saved by proper social reforms, would never be portrayed as lazy, filthy, callous, etc. The \u201cworthy poor\u201d would have no vice. Impeccably honest and exaggeratedly naive, they could demonstrate only one fault \u2013 their \u201cpoor taste\u201d, that is certain simplicity, crudeness, unsophistication that resulted from educational lacks. The \u201cnoble poor\u201d from the FSA photographs would suffer from the wrongdoings of the society or natural disaster but never from their own negligence or corruption.<\/p>\n<p>Mikhailov editorializes his images of the homeless in an antithetical way. They do not emanate restrain and dignity as do photographic subjects of Margaret Bourke-White, Walker Evans, Dorothea Lange and other documentary classics of the Depression era. On the contrary, they smoke and drink, rummage through garbage bins, collect junk and \u201cpicnic\u201d surrounded by piles of filthy waste. They copulate and defecate on public, prostitute themselves and engage in all sorts of violence, whose aftermath transpires on their bodies.<\/p>\n<p>Alluding to medical discourse even in its title, Case History is full of corporeal aberrations. Matthias Christen in \u201cSymbolic Bodies, Real Pain\u201d suggests an enlightened interpretation of Mikhailov\u2019s rhetoric of a damaged body which confronts the viewer in all its vividness [20]. Through a mechanism of symbolic transfer, the disfigured and infected bodies of the Kharkiv homeless become manifestations of the ruins of the collapsed Soviet ideology. This ideology is literary inscribed upon its subjects\u2019 flesh as is the case with one of the protagonists who exposes a tattoo of Lenin\u2019s head on his chest. Contaminated in a literal and metaphoric sense by both ideology and disease (or ideology-as-disease), the bodies of the homeless are turned into writing thus themselves becoming symbolic signs in a photographic narrative that tells a story of an empire\u2019s demise.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/www.moksop.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/11.jpg&#8221; align=&#8221;center&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;30px||||false|false&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243; text_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;14px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1.8em&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;center&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;20px||30px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Mikhailov, Boris. <em>Case History<\/em>. Zurich: Scalo, 1999. Series \u2013 1997-1998.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243; locked=&#8221;off&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Moreover, Mikhailov purposefully orchestrates these images of suffering, with some of them unambiguously alluding to well-known art historical motives. In their compositional arrangements, they visually quote some established themes such as Eve sharing an apple with Adam or a reclining nude suggesting sexual interplay with her Odalisque pose. Other compositions reenacted by the homeless upon Mikhailov\u2019s request appear specific to a particular painting which might not be immediately apparent to the general audience. Namely, the images that are reminiscent of Da Vinci\u2019s &#8220;The Virgin and Child with Saint Anna&#8221;, c. 1503 or Rembrandt\u2019s &#8220;Self portrait with Saskia&#8221; and in the &#8220;Parable of the Prodigal Son&#8221;, c. 1635. However, even without profound art historical connoisseurship on part of the viewer these images still ooze familiar artfulness \u2013 and this is precisely why they are bearable to contemplate. Images imbued with the aesthetics of suffering legitimized by Christian art or \u201cclassical nudity\u201d of the Western visual culture sparingly punctuate the main visual narrative that otherwise traumatizes rather than consoles the viewer.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=&#8221;173365,173351,173363,173361&#8243; fullwidth=&#8221;on&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;30px||||false|false&#8221;][\/et_pb_gallery][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243; text_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;14px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1.8em&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;center&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;20px||30px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Mikhailov, Boris. <em>Case History<\/em>. Zurich: Scalo, 1999. Series \u2013 1997-1998.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243; locked=&#8221;off&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>The majority of Mikhailov\u2019s photographs provide no emotional crutches to lean on, no mechanism of ennobling or aestheticizing infected abused flesh of the homeless. It is presented \u201cas is\u201d: frontal, looming large with all its detailed naturalistic vividness. If there is a visual code that Mikhailov activates in these images, it comes from a clinical rather than an art discourse, from surveilling patents for medical records. It is a discourse that John Tagg described as a nineteenth century record-keeping practice associated with certain disciplinary institutions such as an asylum or a prison that with the help of photography created a new social body of dependent subjects upon whom power could be exercised due to their newly-minted subaltern position.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/www.moksop.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/18.jpg&#8221; align=&#8221;center&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;30px||||false|false&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243; text_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;14px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1.8em&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;center&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;20px||30px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Mikhailov, Boris. <em>Case History<\/em>. Zurich: Scalo, 1999. Series \u2013 1997-1998.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243; locked=&#8221;off&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Art, following Barthes\u2019 dictum, domesticates and tames photography [21]. It generates the level of \u201cstudium\u201d, accepted cultural knowledge that veils the trauma, renders it familiar, therefore trivial, therefore easily dismissed. Mikhailov makes his viewers constantly oscillate between images that give themselves for contemplation and images that confront with their clinical nature that can be scrutinized and observed by certainly not contemplated. Not one or the other type of image, but the switch between the two unsettles the viewing process. Mikhailov orchestrates poses and gestures of his subjects to create this visual roller-coster of plunging in and out of the aesthetic.<\/p>\n<p>The classical documentary of the 1930s implicated its viewers, addressed them with the \u201cyou\u201d pronoun and demanded an emotional response \u2013 pity, shock, compassion, outrage [22]. Mikhailov builds upon the mechanism of implication embedded in the genre. Yet a position of a reformist is not available for the Mikhailov\u2019s viewer. This implication is of a different kind, turning the viewer into an accomplice in the act of transgressive looking. Thus his photos turn into \u201ca silent form of conspiracy\u201d pushing the viewers to test their own threshold of the ethics of representation. Thus Case History acquires interpretive dimensions that go beyond a debate on ethics and veracity and start commenting on the nature and the limits of representation as well as the limits of looking.<\/p>\n<p>Last, and perhaps the most important, incursion upon the territory of the documentary comes from Mikhailov\u2019s posing for some of the images in his narrative. On some pictures he stands in place of an examiner analyzing the homeless\u2019 private parts. Mikhailov\u2019s voyeurism implicates his viewer in the same voyeuristic act of the second degree: peeking at somebody who is examining somebody else (isn\u2019t it what photography is about after all, the second degree voyeurism?) But more significantly Mikhailov poses as one of the characters from his own narration, his naked body looming large from one of the pages, as exposed and vulnerable as that of the homeless.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/www.moksop.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/19.jpg&#8221; align=&#8221;center&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;30px||||false|false&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243; text_font=&#8221;|700|||||||&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;14px&#8221; text_line_height=&#8221;1.8em&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;center&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;20px||30px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; locked=&#8221;off&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>Mikhailov, Boris. <em>Case History<\/em>. Zurich: Scalo, 1999. Series \u2013 1997-1998.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243; locked=&#8221;off&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>On the one hand, the artist\u2019s inclusion of himself is consistent with the overall trope of witnessing, often essential for documentary. To be authentic the classical documentary had to be generated by an actual eyewitness who would also, on occasion, confess his\/her own hardships which, to a certain degree, would echo those of the depicted. The confessional mode was also most prominent in the documentary literature of the 1930s often transforming eye witnessing accounts into over-sentimentalized stories of passion and romance in the pulp fiction magazines [23]. Mikhailov seems to accept the genre\u2019s penchant for the sentimental: the mis-en-scenes he stages with his cast of the homeless hint at all sorts of romantic tropes. The homeless seem to reenact love and jealousy, spite and friendship, merry drinking and fighting \u2013 the whole urban opera is unfolding in front of the viewer\u2019s eyes.<\/p>\n<p>Witnessing in documentary also presupposes a more sober aspect as well, that of a civic duty of exposing social predicaments. Mikhailov, attuned to that kind of witnessing, claims that \u201ctaking pictures of poverty was my professional and civic duty\u201d, emphasizing his attempt to go against the typical Soviet practice of eradication certain uncomfortable moments from the country\u2019s history [24]. He wanted to document poverty of the 1990s so that this period would not be erased from people\u2019s memory as famine, war, or generally ordinary Soviet street life was censored from the pubic discourse.<\/p>\n<p>However, Mikhailov\u2019s inclusion the images of himself into Case History speaks of something more then mere witnessing as veracity technique or a civic duty. In particular, there is one photograph, that of the artist lying in a bath tub, that coils the whole narrative in a tight central locus, the spring of meaning that unwinds on other pages. The artist is half submerged under water, cramping his knees to fit this tiny bath tub of a Soviet apartment. He is prostrate on his back, horizontal, naked, obviously uncomfortable, in brief, in a position of passivity and vulnerability. Moreover, the perspectival arrangement of the shot, its foreshortening renders the body almost upside down, as if it is slipping downward, ever unstable and asked to be caught \u2013 asked to be saved.<\/p>\n<p>This rendition of the artist\u2019s body equates him to that of his photographic subjects, the homeless. The artist as an ontological category is as displaced and \u201chomeless\u201d as the actual homeless. The artist often functions from the margins of the society, beyond the borders of its morality or ethics as one needs to step outside the system to gain some critical distance to observe mechanisms of this system. Mikhailov\u2019s own uncertainty and social instability that he comments upon in the book preface allow him to infiltrate the circle of the homeless, to gain the trust of a closed cliquish subculture that often endures physical abuse thus being petrified of strangers. To trigger a conversation on morality and ethics one needs to be able to look at the other side of the issue. The transgressive act of peeking beyond the acceptable is what delineates the precarious position of the artist and art at large and also what stigmatizes the artist as an outcast of the society which strifes to preserve its status-quo undisturbed.<\/p>\n<p>Overall, fixation on the ethics of social relations has produced a plethora of critical responses on Case History that often accuse Mikhailov of exploitation or even soliciting prostitution. At the same time this fixation has obscured another dimension of the ethical, that of the ethics of representation.<\/p>\n<p>Do there exist things or situations that should not be looked at and should not be represented? Are the processes of looking and representing symmetrical or is it permissible in some cases to look at thing but not to represent them? Under which context a certain situation might be acceptable for viewing? What happens with the switch of the context? Are there borders of acceptability for viewing and do they coincide with moral border? Does ethics regulate representation or their relations are not necessarily commensurate? Who is the artist who dares to push the limits of representation \u2013 a transgressor who needs to be punished or a liberator who needs to be praised?<\/p>\n<p>All these questions, surprisingly, are left unanswered in Mikhailov\u2019s scholarship. Perhaps, the issues of the limits of representation disturb too much of inner fears and deep-seated self-censored taboos of the Western art history. Plunging into these taboos does not give the self-righteous satisfaction one derives from defending the poor and arguing about the appropriateness of artist\u2019s paying or not paying his models.<\/p>\n<p>Mikhailov has been purposefully disturbing the viewer since the very beginning of his photographing practice in the 1960s. At the time, he was subjected to multiple KGB\u2019s interrogations for constantly transgressing Soviet visual codes: he risked photographing nudes, various leisurely activities, people drinking and smoking, in other words, the themes that violated the sense of propriety of the Soviet subject. This is precisely where consistency of Mikhailov\u2019s seemingly disparate postmodern bricolage lies \u2013\u00a0 in the act of transgression of the acceptable limits of representation.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;30px||||false|false&#8221; border_width_top=&#8221;1px&#8221; border_color_top=&#8221;#d8d8d8&#8243; border_color_bottom=&#8221;#d8d8d8&#8243;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; custom_css_main_element=&#8221;margin: auto;&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243; ol_font_size=&#8221;15px&#8221; ol_line_height=&#8221;1.6em&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>1. Boris Mikhailov, Case History (Zurich: Scalo, 1985).<br \/>2. Ibid., 5.<br \/>3. \u041e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448 \u0437\u0430\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0430\u0436\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0456\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0443 Matthias Christen, \u201cSymbolic Bodies, Real Pain: Post-Soviet History, Boris Mikhailov and the Impasse of Documentary Photography,\u201d \u0432 The Image and the Witness. Trauma, Memory and Visual Culture (London: Wallflower Press, 2007), 52 \u2013 66. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 Viktor Misiano and Anna Pilkington, \u201cThe Ethics of a View: Notes on Boris Mikhailov,\u201d \u0432 Afterall: A Journal of Art, Context, and Enquiry 21 (2005), 72 \u2013 79. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436, Alla Efimova and Boris Mihailov, \u201cPhotographic Ethics in the Work of Boris Mihailov,\u201d \u0432 Art Journal 53, no. 2 (1994), 63 \u2013 69. \u0422\u0430 Walead Beshty, \u201cToward an Empathic Resistance: Boris Mikhailov\u2019s Embodied Documents,\u201d \u0432 Afterall: A Journal of Art, Context, and Enquiry 12 (2005), 80 \u2013 88.<br \/>4. Boris Mikhailov and Eva Respini, \u201cA Conversation with Boris Mikhailov.\u201d Accessed May 18, 2015.<br \/>5. Nicolas Bourriaud, \u201cNotes on Boris Mikhailov,\u201d in Boris Mikhailov. I\u2019ve Been Here Once Before, edited by David Teboul (Munich: Hirmer Verlag GmbH, 2011), 9 \u2013 12.<br \/>6. Carl Plantinga, \u201cWhat a Documentary Is, After All,\u201d in Documentary (Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 2013), 52 \u2013 62.<br \/>7. Kaja Silverman, The Subject of Semiotics (Oxford: Oxford UP, 1983), 19.<br \/>8. Ibid., 52.<br \/>9. John Tagg, The Burden of Representation. Essays on Photographies and Histories (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1993).<br \/>10. Ibid., 62 \u2013 63.<br \/>11. Ibid., 8.<br \/>12. Stott, Documentary Expression, 4.<br \/>13. Walead Beshty, \u201cToward an Empathic Resistance: Boris Mikhailov\u2019s Embodied Documents,\u201d \u0432 Afterall: A Journal of Art, Context, and Enquiry 12 (2005), 80 \u2013 81.<br \/>14. \u0424\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0412\u0456\u043b\u044c\u044f\u043c\u0443 \u0421\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0442\u0443, \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0454 \u0457\u0457 \u0443 \u0444\u0456\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0456\u043b\u0456 Documentary Expression and Thirties America, \u0434\u0435 \u0432\u0456\u043d \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0454 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0443 \u0423\u043e\u043b\u043a\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0415\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0430 \u0442\u0430 \u0414\u0436\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0441\u0430 \u0415\u0439\u0434\u0436\u0456 Let Us Know Praise Famous Men \u044f\u043a \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443, \u0449\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0437\u044e\u043c\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u0443\u0445 1930-\u0445 \u0440\u0440. \u0432 \u0421\u0428\u0410 \u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0456\u0432\u0435\u043b\u044e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456 \u0448\u0430\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0438, \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u043a\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0430\u043d\u0440\u0443. \u0417\u0433\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0456 \u0421\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0439\u0448\u043b\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0441\u043d\u043e\u044e, \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u043e\u044e \u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0456\u0442\u044c \u0436\u043e\u0440\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u044e \u0443 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0442\u0456. \u0412\u0456\u043d \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e \u0437\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044e \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u0415\u0439\u0434\u0436\u0456, \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0454 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0436\u0443. \u0412\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0437 \u201c\u043d\u0456\u0432\u0435\u043b\u044e\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456 \u0448\u0430\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0438\u201d \u0437\u0434\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0449\u043e\u0434\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0431\u0456\u0442 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0441\u0443\u043d\u0443\u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0456 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0449\u0435 \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0447\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0432\u043d\u044e\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0439\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0434\u043a\u043e \u0432 \u0436\u043e\u0440\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0456\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0456. William Stott, Documentary Expression and Thirties America (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1973), 261 \u2013 266.<br \/>15. Bourriaud, Notes, 9 \u2013 10.<br \/>16. Beshty, EmpathicResistance, 82.<br \/>17. Misiano and Pilkington, Ethics of a View, 76 \u2013 77.<br \/>18. Francois Prodromides, \u201cRed Babylon,\u201d in Boris Mikhailov. I\u2019ve Been Here Once Before, edited by David Teboul (Munich: HirmerVerlag GmbH, 2011), 26.<br \/>19. Mikhailov, Case History, 4 \u2013 5.<br \/>20. Stott, Documentary Expression, 57 \u2013 63.<br \/>21. Matthias Christen, \u201cSymbolic Bodies, Real Pain: Post-Soviet History, Boris Mikhailov and the Impasse of Documentary Photography,\u201d in The Image and the Witness. Trauma, Memory and Visual Culture (London: Wallflower Press, 2007), 52 \u2013 66.<br \/>22. Roland Barthes, Camera Lucida. Reflections on Photography (New York: Hill and Wang, 1981).<br \/>23. Stott, Documentary Expression, 28.<br \/>24. Ibid., 36 \u2013 42.<br \/>25. Mikhailov, Case History, 6 \u2013 7.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243; custom_margin=&#8221;||30px||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;10px||10px&#8221; border_width_top=&#8221;1px&#8221; border_color_top=&#8221;#d8d8d8&#8243; border_width_bottom=&#8221;1px&#8221; border_color_bottom=&#8221;#d8d8d8&#8243;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.0.47&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; custom_css_main_element=&#8221;margin: auto;&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243; _dynamic_attributes=&#8221;content&#8221; link_font_size=&#8221;14px&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;center&#8221;]@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF90YWdzIiwic2V0dGluZ3MiOnsiYmVmb3JlIjoiIiwiYWZ0ZXIiOiIiLCJsaW5rX3RvX3Rlcm1fcGFnZSI6Im9uIiwic2VwYXJhdG9yIjoiIHwgIiwiY2F0ZWdvcnlfdHlwZSI6InBvc3RfdGFnIn19@[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243; max_width=&#8221;70%&#8221; max_width_tablet=&#8221;100%&#8221; max_width_phone=&#8221;100%&#8221; max_width_last_edited=&#8221;on|phone&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; custom_margin=&#8221;||||false|false&#8221; custom_padding=&#8221;0||0||false|false&#8221; saved_tabs=&#8221;all&#8221;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;||0px||false|false&#8221; border_width_bottom=&#8221;1px&#8221; border_color_bottom=&#8221;#d3d3d3&#8243;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243; header_4_font=&#8221;Open Sans|700|||||||&#8221; header_4_font_size=&#8221;22px&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h4>Read also:<\/h4>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;1_2,1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;20px||||false|false&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243;][et_pb_post_nav in_same_term=&#8221;on&#8221; show_next=&#8221;off&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243; title_font=&#8221;Open Sans||||on||||&#8221; title_text_color=&#8221;#666666&#8243; title_text_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|hover&#8221; title_text_color__hover=&#8221;#a5a5a5&#8243;][\/et_pb_post_nav][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_2&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243;][et_pb_post_nav in_same_term=&#8221;on&#8221; show_prev=&#8221;off&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.4.3&#8243; title_font=&#8221;Open Sans||||on||||&#8221; title_text_color=&#8221;#666666&#8243; title_text_color__hover_enabled=&#8221;on|hover&#8221; title_text_color__hover=&#8221;#a5a5a5&#8243;][\/et_pb_post_nav][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mikhailov recorded this condition of a \u201czero state\u201d of the new society, that was just emerging from the ruins of a previous political and cultural formation, in his most controversial photographic project \u201cCase History\u201d, executed in 1997 \u2013 1998.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":173049,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.4.3\" max_width=\"820px\" max_width_tablet=\"100%\" max_width_phone=\"100%\" max_width_last_edited=\"on|phone\" module_alignment=\"center\" custom_margin=\"||||false|false\" custom_padding=\"0||0||false|false\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.4.3\" custom_padding=\"0px|0px|0|0px|false|false\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"3.0.47\" custom_padding=\"|||\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.4.3\" _dynamic_attributes=\"content\" text_font=\"Pragmatica-Extended-Bold||||||||\" text_font_size=\"45px\" text_line_height=\"1.2em\" header_font=\"|600|||||||\" header_text_align=\"left\" header_font_size=\"35px\" custom_margin=\"||0px\" custom_padding=\"||0px\" text_font_size_tablet=\"\" text_font_size_phone=\"25px\" text_font_size_last_edited=\"on|phone\"]@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF90aXRsZSIsInNldHRpbmdzIjp7ImJlZm9yZSI6IjxoMT4iLCJhZnRlciI6IjwvaDE+In19@[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_3,1_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"3.25\" custom_margin=\"30px||30px|\" custom_padding=\"10px||10px\" border_width_top=\"1px\" border_color_top=\"#d8d8d8\" border_width_bottom=\"1px\" border_color_bottom=\"#d8d8d8\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"3.0.47\" custom_padding=\"|||\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.4.3\" _dynamic_attributes=\"content\" text_font=\"||||||||\" text_font_size=\"15px\" text_orientation=\"center\"]@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF9kYXRlIiwic2V0dGluZ3MiOnsiYmVmb3JlIjoiIiwiYWZ0ZXIiOiIiLCJkYXRlX2Zvcm1hdCI6ImN1c3RvbSIsImN1c3RvbV9kYXRlX2Zvcm1hdCI6ImQvbS95In19@[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"3.0.47\" custom_padding=\"|||\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.4.3\" _dynamic_attributes=\"link_option_url\" text_font=\"||||||||\" text_font_size=\"15px\" text_orientation=\"center\" link_option_url=\"@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF9saW5rX3VybF9wYWdlIiwic2V0dGluZ3MiOnsicG9zdF9pZCI6IjE3MzI4OSJ9fQ==@\"]<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u041e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0427\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043a<\/span><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"3.0.47\" custom_padding=\"|||\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.4.3\" _dynamic_attributes=\"content\" text_font=\"||||||||\" text_font_size=\"15px\" text_orientation=\"center\"]@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF9jYXRlZ29yaWVzIiwic2V0dGluZ3MiOnsiYmVmb3JlIjoiIiwiYWZ0ZXIiOiIiLCJsaW5rX3RvX3Rlcm1fcGFnZSI6Im9uIiwic2VwYXJhdG9yIjoiIHwgIiwiY2F0ZWdvcnlfdHlwZSI6ImNhdGVnb3J5In19@[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"3.25\" custom_margin=\"||3%\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"3.0.47\" custom_padding=\"|||\" custom_css_main_element=\"margin: auto;\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_image src=\"https:\/\/www.moksop.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/mikhailov-article.jpg\" align=\"center\" align_tablet=\"center\" align_phone=\"\" align_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" _builder_version=\"4.4.3\"][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.4.3\" text_font=\"|700|||||||\" text_font_size=\"14px\" text_line_height=\"1.8em\" text_orientation=\"center\" custom_margin=\"20px||30px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\"]\u0417\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043c \u0442\u0430 \u0412\u0456\u0442\u043e\u044e \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043c\u0438[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.4.3\"]\u0423 1997 \u0440\u043e\u0446\u0456, \u043f\u0456\u0441\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u043b\u0456\u043d\u0456, \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e \u0425\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u044f\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0432\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0449\u043e\u0431\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0443\u0436\u043d\u0456 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0456 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u043e\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0456 \u0437\u0441\u0443\u0432\u0438 \u0443 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0454\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0456. \u0420\u043e\u0437\u043f\u0430\u0434 \u0420\u0430\u0434\u044f\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0421\u043e\u044e\u0437\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0443 1990-\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0456\u0441 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0433\u043e\u043e\u0447\u0456\u043a\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0443\u0448\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0434\u044f\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0443. \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435, \u043e\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044f \u0433\u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a\u043e\u044e \u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0447\u043d\u043e\u044e \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043e\u044e. \u041d\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u0430 1990-\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044f \u044f\u043a \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043e\u0434, \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043c \u043c\u0430\u0439\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u0442\u0442\u0454\u0432\u043e: \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0456\u043c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0447\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0456 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0435 \u0436 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0456\u043c\u043a\u0435 \u0437\u0443\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0456\u043d\u043d\u044f. \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0454\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u0446\u0435\u0439 \u00ab\u043d\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u00bb \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0443\u0441\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0449\u043e \u0437\u2019\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0457\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044c\u043e\u0457 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457, \u0443 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0457\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u0439 \u00ab\u0406\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u044f \u0445\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438\u00bb, \u0437\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0432 1997-1998 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0442\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0456\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0443 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0456 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0438 \u0432 1999 [1].\r\n\u0423 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u0434\u043e \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0438 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0441\u043d\u044e\u0454, \u0449\u043e \u0432\u0436\u0435 \u0443 1997 \u0432\u0456\u043d \u044f\u0441\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0456\u0432. \u041d\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u0431\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u0431\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u0456\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0456\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c\u0438. \u0414\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0457\u0445\u043d\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0441\u043d\u0456 \u0441\u0443\u0441\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u043c\u0438 \u2013 \u043e\u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0440 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c. \u0414\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u043e\u043c\u0436\u0456\u0432, \u0442\u043e\u0431\u0442\u043e \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0438, \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u0431\u0443\u0432 \u2013 \u0432\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0449\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430. \u0417\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u0446\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0432 \u0448\u0430\u043d\u0441, \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0456\u0433 \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0436\u043e\u043a \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0443. \u0411\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u0439\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443 \u0449\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0432\u043a\u0438. \u0407\u0445\u043d\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0456\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0456\u043c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0440\u0448\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044f, \u0430\u043b\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e\u044e \u2013 \u0432 \u043d\u0456\u0439 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0449\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0441\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0456\u0457. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0438. \u0421\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u0446\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0443\u043a\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043e \u0448\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u0434\u0456\u0457: \u00ab\u0414\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u043e \u0434\u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0457\u0445, \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0449\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u00ab\u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438\u00bb \u043b\u044e\u0434\u044c\u043c\u0438. \u042f \u0437\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0432 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0445\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043f\u0443, \u0430\u043b\u0435 \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u0449\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0456\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0449\u0456\u00bb [2].\r\n\u0411\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0456\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u00ab\u0406\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u044e \u0445\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438\u00bb \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u0435\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u0449\u043e \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043b\u044e\u0454 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0437 \u0441\u0443\u0431\u2019\u0454\u043a\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0439\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u0439 [3]. \u042f\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0431\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0432 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043c \u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442, \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442, \u0449\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0447\u0435, \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0456 \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0443 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0443 \u0456\u043d\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0443\u0442 \u0437\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442, \u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u2013 \u0439\u043e\u0433\u043e \u00ab\u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c\u00bb. \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0433\u0430\u0454 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0456, \u0442\u043e\u0431\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0436\u0430\u043d\u0440\u0456, \u0449\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043a \u0443 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0445 \u0410\u0434\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0449\u043e\u0434\u043e \u0411\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0438 \u0424\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u044f\u043a\u0430 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u0421\u0428\u0410 \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u0434\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0456\u0457 1930-\u0445 [4]. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043e\u043c\u043e, \u0449\u043e \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u0439, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043c \u2013 \u044f\u043a \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c \u0447\u0438 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c. \u0422\u043e\u0434\u0456 \u044f\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0447\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c \u00ab\u0406\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u044f \u0445\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438\u00bb \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c? \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0456\u044e\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0456 \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0432\u043c\u0438\u0441\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0443\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0456\u043d\u0448\u0456 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u0436\u0430\u043d\u0440\u0443. \u0426\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0446\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0456\u0457 \u0432\u0456\u043d \u0432\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0456\u0440 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0456 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0436\u0430\u043d\u0440\u0456, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044e\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0456 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u044f\u043a \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0457, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043b\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0454 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u044e.[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.4.3\" header_3_font=\"Open Sans|700|||||||\" header_3_font_size=\"24px\" custom_margin=\"45px||10px||false|false\" locked=\"off\"]<h3>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044e\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0442\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u043e<\/h3>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.4.3\" locked=\"off\"]<p>\u201c\u0406\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u044f \u0445\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438\u201d \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0447\u0443\u0454 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0434 400 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u0439, \u0435\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c\u043e\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0445, \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0443 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0456, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u0437\u0456\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0443 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0443 \u0437\u0456 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0439\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0438. \u042f\u043a\u0449\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0456 \u0437\u2019\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0456 \u0434\u0432\u0456\u0447\u0456. \u0421\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0443 \u043c\u0430\u0439\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0443, \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u043d\u0446\u0456 \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u043e\u044e \u00ab\u0420\u0435\u043a\u0432\u0456\u0454\u043c\u00bb \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0454, \u0449\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0456 \u043f\u0456\u0441\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443. \u0412\u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0435 \u0432\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f, \u044f\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0456\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0447\u0438 \u044f\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0456\u043d\u0448\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0456\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0436\u0447\u0435 \u0434\u043e \u043a\u0456\u043d\u0446\u044f \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0438. \u00ab\u041e, \u044f \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0443\u0432 \u0434\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0438\u00bb, \u2013 \u0432\u0438\u0433\u0443\u043a\u0443\u0454 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0454 \u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0445 \u0433\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0457\u0432, \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0456\u043d \u0447\u043e\u043c\u0443\u0441\u044c \u0432\u0438\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043b\u044e\u0454 \u0437 \u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0456\u043d\u0448\u0438\u0445, \u0449\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0432\u0447\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e \u0437\u2019\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u043d\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0438. \u0426\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u0433\u0443\u043a, \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434 \u0434\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0443 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0457\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456, \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0454 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430, \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0454 \u044f\u043a \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442, \u0449\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f. \u00ab\u042f \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0443\u0432 \u0434\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0438\u00bb \u2013 \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0454, \u0449\u043e \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0446\u0435\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0449\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0432, \u0430\u043b\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0432 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e, \u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u0432\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0437\u0456\u0442\u043a\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u0454\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0447\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0456\u043c\u0456\u0434\u0436\u0456\u0432. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0447\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0432 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u044e \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0438\u043f \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430, \u0434\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0437\u043d\u0456\u043c\u043e\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0454 \u044f\u043a \u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044f, \u0449\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0431\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0454 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0454\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u0437 \u0456\u043d\u0448\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\r\n<p>\u0412\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u044c \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u044f\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0443 \u0446\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0456\u0442\u043a\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\u0445, \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0442\u044f. \u0412 \u0446\u044c\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0439\u0434\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0456\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0456 \u0442\u0456\u043b \u0442\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043d \u0442\u0430 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439, \u0432\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0443\u043b \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u2019\u0454\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0445, \u0432\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0456\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430\u0445, \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0454 \u044f\u043a \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0444\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u0438\u0449\u0435, \u044f\u043a\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u043b\u044f\u0433\u0430\u0454 \u0434\u0435\u0444\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0446\u0456\u044f\u043c \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0430\u043d\u0440\u0443. \u0406\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0456\u044f \u0434\u0435\u044f\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u043d\u0456\u043c\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0443 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0449\u043e \u0457\u0445\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u0456 \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u043b\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u00ab\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456\u00bb, \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u044c\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0456\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u2019\u0454\u0440\u0456. \u0412 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u043f\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0456\u044f\u0436, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0456\u0437 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0456\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u044f\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0456\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u2019\u0454\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0456\u0431\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044f\u043c\u0438; \u0432\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0457\u0434\u044f\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0449\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0442\u043a\u0443\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0437 \u043f\u043b\u044f\u0448\u043a\u043e\u044e \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0456\u043b\u043a\u0438. \u0414\u0456\u043c, \u0437\u0432\u0456\u0441\u043d\u043e, \u0457\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c. \u0426\u0435 \u0434\u0456\u043c \u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0443\u0454 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0457\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0430 \u0456\u043d\u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0443\u0454 \u043f\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0456 \u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u043c\u0438\u0441\u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https:\/\/www.moksop.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/2-4.jpg\" align=\"center\" align_tablet=\"center\" align_phone=\"\" align_last_edited=\"on|desktop\" _builder_version=\"4.4.3\" custom_margin=\"30px||||false|false\"][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.4.3\" text_font=\"|700|||||||\" text_font_size=\"14px\" text_line_height=\"1.8em\" text_orientation=\"center\" custom_margin=\"20px||30px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\"]<p>Mikhailov, Boris. <em>Case History<\/em>. Zurich: Scalo, 1999. \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0456\u044f \u2013 1997-1998 \u0440\u0440.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.4.3\"]<p>\u041f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434 \u0456\u0437 \u0446\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0456\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u2019\u0454\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0456\u043c\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043c\u0456\u0449\u0443\u0454 \u0432\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0456 \u043a\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0438, \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043b\u044e\u0434\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u0445\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0447\u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0443\u043f\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043a. \u0426\u0456 \u043a\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0438, \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e, \u043d\u0435 \u0456\u043d\u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456. \u0420\u0443\u0445\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0442\u0430\u0448\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0440\u044f\u0434 \u0447\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438 \u0437 \u0432\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0457\u0432 \u0432\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0456. \u0423 \u0437\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u0434\u044f\u0437\u0456, \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0456\u0441\u043d\u0443\u0454 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u044c-\u044f\u043a\u043e\u044e \u043c\u043e\u0434\u043e\u044e, \u0441\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0456\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0434\u043e\u044e, \u0446\u0456 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u0438\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0456 \u0437\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043c, \u0449\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0446\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e \u0437 \u0431\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0440\u0443. \u0410\u0431\u043e \u0432\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0456\u0440\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0443\u043f\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0456, \u0447\u0435\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0441, \u0449\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0436\u0434\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0456\u0437\u043d\u044e\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f. \u0423\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0430\u0454 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u044e. \u041c\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0437\u0438\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u0432\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u044f\u0445 \u0449\u0435 \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044e\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0447\u0443\u0442\u0442\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0454\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https:\/\/www.moksop.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/4-3.jpg\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.4.3\" custom_margin=\"30px||||false|false\"][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.4.3\" text_font=\"|700|||||||\" text_font_size=\"14px\" text_line_height=\"1.8em\" text_orientation=\"center\" custom_margin=\"20px||30px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" locked=\"off\"]Mikhailov, Boris.<em> Case History<\/em>. Zurich: Scalo, 1999. \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0456\u044f \u2013 1997-1998 \u0440\u0440.[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https:\/\/www.moksop.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/3-1.jpg\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.4.3\" custom_margin=\"30px||||false|false\"][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.4.3\" text_font=\"|700|||||||\" text_font_size=\"14px\" text_line_height=\"1.8em\" text_orientation=\"center\" custom_margin=\"20px||30px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" locked=\"off\"]Mikhailov, Boris.<em> Case History<\/em>. Zurich: Scalo, 1999. \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0456\u044f \u2013 1997-1998 \u0440\u0440.[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.4.3\"]\u041d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0433\u0443 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0439 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0446\u0456, \u0449\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0448\u0443\u0454 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0456\u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0456\u0436 \u0431\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0439 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0456\u0432, \u0432\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0432 1990-\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0456\u0448\u0456 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457: \u00ab\u0445\u043b\u0456\u0431\u00bb, \u00ab\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u00bb, \u00ab\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0436\u0456 \u043a\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0438\u00bb, \u00ab\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0456\u043b\u043a\u0430\u00bb. \u0412\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c, \u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0448\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u044f\u043a\u043e\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0447\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0456\u0445, \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0436\u0434\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0443 \u043b\u0430\u0431\u0456\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u044f\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u043f\u0441\u0443.\r\n\r\n\u0412\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044f \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0448\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0438\u0434\u0436, \u043c\u0430\u0439\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0457\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456. \u0411\u0435\u0437\u0442\u044f\u043c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u2019\u044f\u043d\u0456 \u0447\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0456\u043a\u0438, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u0432\u0430\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u043d\u043e\u0433\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0445, \u0441\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0456 \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u0457 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0443\u0434\u043b\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043a, \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0447\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0445. \u0423 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0456\u0431 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0437\u0456\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438, \u0457\u0457 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0456\u044f \u0434\u043e \u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u044f \u043a\u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a \u2013 \u0442\u0430\u043a, \u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0442\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438, \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0444\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0443\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0456\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u0442\u0435\u0436 \u0437\u2019\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0446\u0456\u0439 \u0432\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0456, \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0456, \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0447\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0456\u043a\u0430 \u0442\u044f\u0433\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0445\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0442\u0438 \u044f\u043a\u043e\u0457\u0441\u044c \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0438 (\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0447\u0438, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u044f). \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0456\u0432\u0437\u0433\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0456 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0431\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0432 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0442\u0430\u0448\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0445\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043d\u0430\u0431\u0440\u044f\u043a\u043b\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0456\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0432\u043e\u043a \u0442\u0430 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0456\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0439. \u041f\u043e\u0437\u0430 \u0436\u0456\u043d\u043a\u0438, \u044f\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0456\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043b\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456, \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043b\u0443\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044e\u0454 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0443 \u0433\u0443\u043c\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0441-\u043b\u044f\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438, \u0449\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0449\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u043d\u043a\u0438. \u041a\u0430\u0434\u0440, \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0443\u043b \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043e \u0436\u0456\u043d\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u2013 \u0443 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0446\u044f\u0445 \u0442\u0430 \u0437 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043c \u0448\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c \u2013 \u0456\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0437 \u043a\u0430\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043c, \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0454 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0438. \u0422\u0456\u043b\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044e\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0444\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0430, \u0447\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u043c \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u0443\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439.[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\"173378,173380,173376,173374\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"4.4.3\" custom_margin=\"30px||||false|false\"][\/et_pb_gallery][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.4.3\" text_font=\"|700|||||||\" text_font_size=\"14px\" text_line_height=\"1.8em\" text_orientation=\"center\" custom_margin=\"20px||30px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" locked=\"off\"]Mikhailov, Boris.<em> Case History<\/em>. Zurich: Scalo, 1999. \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0456\u044f \u2013 1997-1998 \u0440\u0440.[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.4.3\" locked=\"off\"]<p>\u0426\u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044e\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u044f\u043a \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f, \u044f\u043a \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u043a\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0443 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u0432\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0442\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445. \u0410\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u2013 \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0434\u0443\u0436\u0435 \u044e\u043d\u0438\u0445, \u043c\u0430\u0439\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u044e\u043a\u0456\u0432, \u0434\u043e \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0445\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0456\u043a\u0443. \u0425\u043e\u0447 \u0443 \u0431\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c\u043e\u0445 \u0456\u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u043a\u0443 \u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u0431\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u043c, \u0435\u043a\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044e\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0456\u043b\u043e. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u0457 \u0434\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435, \u044f\u043a\u0449\u043e, \u0437\u0432\u0456\u0441\u043d\u043e, \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0456 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e \u0432\u0438\u043c\u0456\u0440\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0456\u043d\u044c \u0448\u043e\u043a\u0443, \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0438 \u00ab\u0406\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0445\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438\u00bb. \u0411\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456 \u0434\u0456\u0442\u0438, \u0431\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0437 \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0456\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u044f\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0456\u0434\u043b\u0456\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0456\u043a\u0443, \u043a\u0443\u043f\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0443 \u0437\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0457, \u043d\u044e\u0445\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439, \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043c\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0445, \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0446\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c, \u043e\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u0456\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043d\u0456 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u044f \u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0446\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0456\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0457. \u0407\u0445\u043d\u0456 \u0442\u0456\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0445\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0433\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0442\u044f\u043c.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https:\/\/www.moksop.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/9.jpg\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.4.3\" custom_margin=\"30px||||false|false\"][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.4.3\" text_font=\"|700|||||||\" text_font_size=\"14px\" text_line_height=\"1.8em\" text_orientation=\"center\" custom_margin=\"20px||30px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" locked=\"off\"]Mikhailov, Boris.<em> Case History<\/em>. Zurich: Scalo, 1999. \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0456\u044f \u2013 1997-1998 \u0440\u0440.[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.4.3\" locked=\"off\"]<p>\u0421\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0437 \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0438, \u0449\u043e \u0432\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0456 \u0434\u0456\u0457, \u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0449\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0434\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430. \u0426\u0456 \u043a\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0438 \u0456\u043d\u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e. \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0437 \u0434\u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u044e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u044e. \u0417\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u0439\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0457 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0443 \u043f\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044e\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0456 \u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0448\u0435 \u0456\u043d\u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0456\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u0433\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u0438\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0456 \u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438. \u041a\u0440\u0456\u043c \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0441\u0430\u043c \u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0430\u0454 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0446\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d \u0437\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443. \u0413\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u043c\u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a \u00ab\u0406\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0445\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438\u00bb \u0454 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0456\u0434\u2019\u0454\u043c\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0456\u0434\u0435\u0457, \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0448\u0435 \u043d\u0456\u0436 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u043c\u043e\u043c, \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043b\u044e\u0454 \u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0456\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043d \u043c\u0456\u0436 \u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u2019\u0454\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0439\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u0439, \u0449\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u043b\u0430\u0448\u0442\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\r\n<p>\u0412 \u0446\u044c\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0456 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0456\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u0457 \u0434\u0430\u0454 \u0437\u0431\u0456\u0439. \u0427\u0438 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0456 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u044f\u043a \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u044f\u043a\u0449\u043e \u0432\u0456\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0443\u0454 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0436\u0430\u043d\u0440\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0439\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432\u2019\u044f\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u2019\u0454\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0447\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u043d\u043e\u043d-\u0444\u0456\u043a\u0448\u043d \u2013 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e, \u0437\u0430 \u044f\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0442\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0454\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c, \u044f\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0432\u043e\u043d\u043e \u0454? \u041f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0456 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0449\u043e\u0434\u043e \u00ab\u0406\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0445\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438\u00bb \u043d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443, \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0446\u044c\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0444\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0443.<\/p>\r\n<p>\u041d\u0456\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0441 \u0411\u0443\u0440\u2019\u0454 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0446\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043d\u044c\u043e\u0457 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0456, \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u00ab\u0443\u0440\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u044e \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044e\u00bb \u2013 \u0446\u0456\u0454\u044e \u0456\u043d\u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0456\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0434\u043a\u043e\u044e, \u0432\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0442\u0430 \u0430\u0443\u0434\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u044e \u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044e, \u0449\u043e \u0454 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044e \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[5]<\/span>. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441 \u0411\u0443\u0440\u2019\u0454 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0456\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0436\u0456\u0432 \u0443 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0430\u0445 \u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u043b\u0430\u0445\u0430\u0445. \u042f\u043a\u0449\u043e \u0432\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u0442\u0430 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0456\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0443 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456, \u0442\u043e \u0449\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0434\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0446\u044c\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438?<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.4.3\" header_3_font=\"Open Sans|700|||||||\" header_3_font_size=\"24px\" custom_margin=\"45px||10px||false|false\"]<h3>\u0421\u0443\u0442\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438<\/h3>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.4.3\"]<p>\u041d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0448\u0435 \u0457\u0457 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0442\u044f\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u2019\u0454\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u043d-\u0444\u0456\u043a\u0448\u043d. \u0425\u043e\u0447\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0456 \u0446\u0456 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0442\u044f \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043b\u044e\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443. \u0414\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u043d\u043e\u043d-\u0444\u0456\u043a\u0448\u043d \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0439 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0443, \u0439 \u0443\u0441\u0456\u043b\u044f\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0448\u0442\u0438\u0431\u0443 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043d\u0456 \u0444\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0449\u043e. \u041e\u0431\u2019\u0454\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0456 \u0432\u0438\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0448\u0435 \u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043c, \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0456\u0430. \u041a\u0430\u0440\u043b \u041f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0456\u043d\u0433\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0456 \u00ab\u0427\u0438\u043c \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0436 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u0454 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u00bb \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0441\u0443\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0454 \u0434\u0432\u0456 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u043f\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0456\u0448\u0456 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0449\u043e\u0434\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0457\u0445\u043d\u0456 \u0445\u0438\u0431\u0438 [6].<\/p>\r\n<p>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0456\u044f, \u00ab\u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u044f\u043a \u0456\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441\u00bb, \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0456, \u0449\u043e \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0430\u0431\u043e \u0444\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043c \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0457\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0454 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0456\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0431\u0438\u0442\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430, \u0437 \u044f\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0432\u2019\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c. (\u041f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0442\u044f \u00ab\u0456\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0443\u00bb \u043f\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0437 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0456\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0427\u0430\u0440\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0430 \u0421\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0430 \u041f\u0456\u0440\u0441\u0430, \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0432 \u0456\u0441\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0456\u0432, \u0449\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u2019\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0437\u0456 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0457\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c, \u044f\u043a, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434, \u0434\u0438\u043c \u0456\u0437 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u0438 \u0454 \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u044e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u043c\u2019\u044f, \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u044f\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0456\u043d \u043d\u0435 \u0456\u0441\u043d\u0443\u0454. \u0406\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0430\u043c, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u044f\u043a \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e, \u0434\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u0437\u0432\u2019\u044f\u0437\u043e\u043a \u043c\u0456\u0436 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043e\u044e \u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043c \u044f\u0432\u0438\u0449\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0441\u0443\u0442\u043d\u0456\u0439) [7].<\/p>\r\n<p>\u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0433\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0456\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044e\u0454 \u0445\u0438\u0431\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0430\u0436\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0443 \u0456\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439, \u044f\u043a\u043e\u044e \u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0456\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0456 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e, \u0456 \u0444\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043c. \u0425\u043e\u0447\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u044f \u0456 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044e\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e\u044e \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u044e, \u0432\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0446\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u044e. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0433\u0443\u0454, \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043e\u043c\u043e \u0447\u0438 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043e\u043c\u043e, \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0432\u0438\u0431\u0456\u0440 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0449\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0456\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438, \u044f\u043a \u0437\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0456\u043c\u043e\u043a, \u044f\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0446\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0456 \u0442.\u0434.<\/p>\r\n<p>\u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0456\u044f, \u00ab\u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u044f\u043a \u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\u00bb, \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044e\u0454 \u0434\u0443\u043c\u043a\u0443, \u0449\u043e \u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0446\u0456 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0430\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0456, \u0432\u0456\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0456 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0448\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u043a\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043e\u0446\u0456\u043d\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0446\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0456\u0432. \u0422\u043e\u0431\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u0446\u044c\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043a\u0443 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0454 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f. \u0410\u043b\u0435 \u0436 \u0446\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0456\u0441\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0456\u043d\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0436\u0430\u043d\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u0447\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u0441\u0430\u0445, \u043e\u0442\u0436\u0435, \u0432\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0454 \u0441\u0443\u0442\u043d\u0456\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438.<\/p>\r\n<p>\u00ab\u0406\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u044f \u0445\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438\u00bb \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0431\u0442\u043e \u0439 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0454 \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u0433\u0440\u0438\u0444 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u0430\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0446\u044c\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0443\u0454 \u0456 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f \u043e\u0431\u2019\u0454\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456, \u0456 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f \u00ab\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\u00bb, \u0431\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044e\u0454 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043e\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f. \u0421\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438 \u044f\u043a \u00ab\u0406\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u044f \u0445\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438\u00bb \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0448\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0448\u0443\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0456\u043d\u0434\u0435, \u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u2013 \u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0456 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f. \u0414\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0448\u0435 \u043d\u0456\u0436 \u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0456\u0443\u043c-\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u0441\u043e\u043c, \u0454 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0441\u0456\u043c \u0436\u0430\u043d\u0440\u043e\u043c, \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0448\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0446\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0447\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0456 \u0454 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u2019\u0454\u043a\u0442\u0430. \u042f\u043a \u0456 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442, \u043f\u0435\u0439\u0437\u0430\u0436 \u0447\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0442\u044e\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0442, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0442\u043d\u0456\u0448\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0456\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0446\u044c\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0436\u0430\u043d\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u0446\u0456\u043b\u0456\u0441\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0434\u044f\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u043e\u0431\u2019\u0454\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u0456 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u2013 \u0446\u0435 \u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0445, \u0437 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0443\u043c\u0456\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0449\u043e \u0446\u0435 \u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0454 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c. \u0416\u0430\u043d\u0440\u0438, \u044f\u043a \u0446\u0456\u043b\u0456\u0441\u043d\u0456 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0447\u0456 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438, \u0454 \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e, \u0433\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u043e\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0443\u043c\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0456\u044f\u043c\u0438. \u041e\u0442\u0436\u0435, \u0432\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457. \u041c\u043e\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u044f\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0436\u0430\u043d\u0440\u0443 \u0439 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u0439\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0433\u0456\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044e \u0443 \u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0456 \u043f\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043e\u0434\u0443.<\/p>\r\n<p>\u0416\u0430\u043d\u0440 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435 \u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044e\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0456\u043d\u0446\u0456 1920-\u0445\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u0414\u0436\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0413\u0440\u0456\u0440\u0441\u043e\u043d\u0430, \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430, \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u0437\u043d\u0456\u043c\u0430\u0432 \u0444\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0438, \u0432 \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u0443\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456 \u0441\u0443\u0441\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0456\u0432 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u0434\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0456\u0457 \u0432 \u0421\u0428\u0410. \u0413\u0440\u0456\u0440\u0441\u043e\u043d, \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0432 \u0441\u0430\u043c \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0456\u043d \u00ab\u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u00bb \u0449\u043e\u0434\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0457\u0445 \u0444\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0456\u0432, \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438\u0432 \u0439\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u043a \u00ab\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0447\u0435 \u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456\u00bb [8].<\/p>\r\n<p>\u0427\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0454 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0456\u043d\u0446\u0456 1920-\u0445 \u0432 \u0421\u0428\u0410, \u044f\u043a\u0449\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0456\u0441\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c\u043e\u0445 \u0456\u043d\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0445? \u0414\u0436\u043e\u043d \u0422\u0435\u0491\u0491 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0457\u0439 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0456 \u00ab\u0422\u044f\u0433\u0430\u0440 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457\u00bb \u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u0449\u043e \u0432\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u2019\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0437 \u0432\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438, \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0456\u0432, \u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0436\u0435, \u0439 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0446\u0438\u043f\u043b\u0456\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0456\u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044e \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0446\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u0417\u0430\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u0404\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u0421\u0428\u0410 \u043a\u0456\u043d\u0446\u044f 19-\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0443 20-\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0442\u044c [9]. \u0417\u0430\u0432\u0434\u044f\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0456\u043c\u043a\u0456\u0439 \u0456\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457, \u044f\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0443\u0436\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u0432 19-\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0442\u0442\u0456, \u0432\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0454 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441 \u0440\u043e\u0431\u0456\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432, \u044f\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u043c\u0456\u0440\u0456 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0456\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456. \u0427\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0442\u043d\u0443 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0443 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0443 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043a\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0441\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c. \u0422\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0438, \u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438 \u043b\u0430\u0433\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0441\u0443: \u00ab\u041d\u0435\u0434\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u0430, \u0434\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u0439 \u0442\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0430 \u0437\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u043c \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0456\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u041c\u0456\u0448\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0424\u0443\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u00ab\u043c\u0456\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0456\u0437\u0438\u043a\u043e\u044e \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u00bb, \u0449\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0456 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432\u2019\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0441\u044f\u043a\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0442\u044f. \u041c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u0435\u043c, \u0434\u0435 \u0437\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044f \u0446\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430, \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u00ab\u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0457\u00bb: \u0441\u0443\u0437\u0456\u0440\u2019\u044f \u0456\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0446\u0456\u0439 \u2013 \u043b\u0456\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044c, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0443\u043b\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0441\u0438\u0445\u0456\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0445\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0445, \u0442\u044e\u0440\u0435\u043c, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u2013 \u0447\u0438\u0457 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0446\u0438\u043f\u043b\u0456\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0456 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0438, \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0456\u0454\u0440\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0456\u044e \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0445\u043d\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0443\u0431\u2019\u0454\u043a\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u0443 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0456, \u044f\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0431\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043f\u0456\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0456\u043b\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0446\u0438\u043f\u043b\u0456\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0456\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0442\u0456\u00bb [10].<\/p>\r\n<p>\u0417\u0430 \u0422\u0435\u0491\u0491\u043e\u043c, \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u044f \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0443 \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0446\u0438\u043f\u043b\u0456\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0456\u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044e \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u044f\u043a \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0456\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0456\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u0432\u0438\u043c\u0456\u0440\u044e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457. \u0406\u043d\u0448\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u044e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0456\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u2019\u0454\u043a\u0442 \u0434\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044e \u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0456 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0446\u0438\u043f\u043b\u0456\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0456\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0446\u0456\u0439. \u0414\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u044f\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0456\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0456\u0448\u0435, \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0454\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0456\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0456\u0442\u044c. \u0411\u0435\u0437\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0454 \u0432\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0436\u0430\u043d\u0440\u0443 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u2019\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u0434\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0456\u0457. \u0421\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u0432 \u0446\u0435\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0456\u0431 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0456\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u0421\u0428\u0410 \u0437\u043c\u0456\u043d\u044e\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0437 \u0444\u0456\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0456\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e (\u0442\u043e\u0431\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0456\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0446\u0456\u044f\u043c\u0438) \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u0449\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044c\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0430\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0456\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0438 \u2013 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u0446\u0435 \u0439 \u0437\u043c\u0456\u043d\u044e\u0454 \u0432\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443 \u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0443, \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e\u044e \u044f\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0456 (\u0432 \u0446\u044c\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043d\u0456\u043c \u0440\u043e\u0431\u0456\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0443).<\/p>\r\n<p>\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043f\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0456\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u0434\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0456\u0457 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u041d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u0423\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u0420\u0443\u0437\u0432\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430 \u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0410\u0434\u043c\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0454\u044e \u0449\u043e\u0434\u043e \u0411\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0438 \u0424\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 (\u0411\u0424), \u0437\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0457\u0457 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0434\u0435\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0449\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0432 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0438\u0445, \u0445\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0430\u0454. \u041b\u044e\u0434\u0438, \u0437\u0430\u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0446\u0438\u043c \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u00ab\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u00bb \u0431\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438, \u0449\u043e\u0431\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0438. \u0422\u0430\u0491\u0491 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0433\u0430\u0454, \u0449\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 1920-\u0445 \u0442\u0430 1930-\u0445 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u0442\u0456\u0441\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u2019\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0456\u0454\u044e, \u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u2013 \u0437 \u00ab\u043b\u0456\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c, \u0449\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0432 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0457, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e\u044e \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c, \u0437\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0456\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0456\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0456\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0457, \u0441\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044e \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0443, \u0432\u0433\u0430\u043c\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0456\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0437\u0432\u2019\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456\u00bb [11].<\/p>\r\n<p>\u0410\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 1920-\u0445 \u0442\u0430 1930-\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u044f\u043a \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f, \u044f\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0456\u0430 (\u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441, \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e, \u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0446\u044c, \u0442\u0435\u0430\u0442\u0440) \u0456 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0456\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c, \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0439, \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043d\u0456\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0456\u0432 [12]. \u0414\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0442\u043d\u044f \u0432 \u043b\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0456 \u0443 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0456 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0436\u0456\u0432 \u0437 \u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0447\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u044f, \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0431\u0456\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0439, \u0449\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u00ab\u043a\u0430\u043f\u0456\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u043c \u0446\u0456\u043d\u043e\u044e \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0442\u044f\u00bb. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0456 \u0437\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0442\u044f \u0440\u043e\u0431\u0456\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432, \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434 \u0437 \u0456\u043d\u0448\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043c \u0447\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430. \u0417\u0430\u043d\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0443 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0441\u043d\u044e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0437\u0456\u0430\u0437\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0440\u043e\u044e \u0432 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u043c\u0456\u043d \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0438 \u043b\u0456\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0438. \u0422\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0454\u044e \u0441\u0443\u0442\u0442\u044e \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u044e: \u0432\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0456 \u0437\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0443 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u0443 \u043d\u0430\u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u043f\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u043a\u0438 \u0449\u043e\u0434\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0456\u0432 \u0457\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f.<\/p>\r\n<p>\u0414\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u0442\u0456\u0441\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u2019\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0437 \u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0456\u043a\u043e\u044e, \u0449\u043e \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0456\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043e\u044e. \u041a\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u043b\u0456\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0438\u043f \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0456\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432 \u0421\u0428\u0410 \u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a, \u0437 \u043d\u0438\u043c \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0456\u0439\u0448\u043b\u0430 \u0439 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u0449\u043e \u043f\u0456\u0441\u043b\u044f \u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0457 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u0432\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u2019\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0434\u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0443\u0437\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0456 \u0442\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u043d\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0443 Life \u0442\u0430 National Geographic, \u0442\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u0443 \u0456\u043d\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438 \u0443 \u0432\u0438\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0456 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043f\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0445\u0456\u0432 \u0433\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e-\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0430\u0444\u043e\u0441\u0443, \u0441\u0445\u043e\u0436\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0456\u0441\u043d\u0443 \u0432\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0443 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0415\u0434\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0430 \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0445\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u00ab\u0420\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u041b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u00bb (\u041c\u041e\u041c\u0410 \u041d\u044c\u044e-\u0419\u043e\u0440\u043a, 1955 \u0440\u0456\u043a.)<\/p>\r\n<p>\u0421\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0443 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0444\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438. \u0421\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0456 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u044f \u0435\u043f\u043e\u0445\u0438 \u041d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u0423\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0456\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044e \u0440\u043e\u0431\u0456\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0443, \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b \u044f\u043a \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0442\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0456\u043b\u043e, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0456\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0435, \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043d\u0435, \u0456 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0435, \u044f\u043a \u0442\u0456\u043b\u043e, \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0438.<\/p>\r\n<p>\u0412\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0456 1970-\u0445 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u0421\u0428\u0410 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443 \u0432\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u043d\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u043b\u0456\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0456\u0457 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u2019\u0454\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c. \u041b\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043a\u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456 \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438 \u0437\u0456 \u0441\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0443 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0443 1930-\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044f \u044f\u043a \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0443. \u0421\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0443\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0443 \u0432\u0438\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0456 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0456\u043c\u043a\u0443 (snapshot), \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u043b\u044c\u0431\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0432\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0449\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u2013 \u0442\u043e\u0431\u0442\u043e \u0443 \u0432\u0438\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0456\u0432, \u0449\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u044c\u043a\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430 \u0456\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0447\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044e\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0435\u043c\u043f\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0432\u2019\u044f\u0437\u043e\u043a \u043c\u0456\u0436 \u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0443\u0431\u2019\u0454\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c [13].<\/p>\r\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0434\u043e \u00ab\u0406\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0445\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438\u00bb, \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0438, \u0449\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043c \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0441\u0443\u043c\u043d\u0456\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0443\u043c\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u044e, \u0442\u043e\u0431\u0442\u043e \u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a \u0439\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0437 \u0446\u0456\u0454\u044e \u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043e\u044e \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0434\u0443\u0454 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0437\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f. \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0454 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u043a\u0456 \u0443\u043c\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0436\u0430\u043d\u0440\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0456\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043e\u0431\u2019\u0454\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456. \u0412\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0432\u0456\u043d \u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044e\u0454 \u0456\u043d\u0448\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u044e \u043c\u0456\u0440\u043e\u044e, \u0449\u043e \u0457\u0445\u043d\u0456 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0443\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0456\u043a\u0443 \u0436\u0430\u043d\u0440\u0443, \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044e\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0443\u0431\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0456 \u043c\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0438, \u0449\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0443 \u043b\u0456\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0457\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430, \u0449\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0448 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e, \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044e\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u043b\u0456\u043c\u0456\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0456\u044e \u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.4.3\" header_3_font=\"Open Sans|700|||||||\" header_3_font_size=\"24px\" custom_margin=\"45px||10px||false|false\" locked=\"off\"]<h3>\u041d\u0456\u0432\u0435\u043b\u044e\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456 \u0448\u0430\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0438  [14]<\/h3>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.4.3\" locked=\"off\"]<p>\u0417\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043c \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0443\u0454 \u044f\u043a \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442 \u0447\u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442. \u0412\u0456\u043d \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0443\u0454 \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0442\u043d\u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0456\u0457 \u0437 \u0430\u0440\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438. \u0417\u0430 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432\u043e\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u044e \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0456\u043a\u043e\u044e \u0432\u0456\u043d \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u0442\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u00ab\u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\u00bb \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044e. \u0419\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u0457 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c \u044f\u043a \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0456, \u0449\u043e \u00ab\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0456 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0456 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0456\u00bb [15], \u044f\u043a \u00ab\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043c\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u0456\u00bb [16], \u044f\u043a \u00ab\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0456\u00bb [17] \u0447\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0456\u0442\u044c \u00ab\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0456\u00bb [18]. \u0421\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0454 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0434\u0456\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043d \u0432\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0456\u0432, \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u0439 (\u041b\u0443\u0440\u0456\u043a\u0456, 1981; \u041d\u0430\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u043a\u0456\u043d\u0435\u0446\u044c 1960-\u0445 \u2013 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043a 1970-\u0445), \u0434\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0456\u0432, \u0441\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043f-\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0438 \u0437 \u0456\u043d\u043e\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043c\u0456\u0432 (\u041a\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043d\u043e\u0431\u0456\u0437\u043c, 1982), \u0434\u043e \u0456\u043c\u0456\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0456\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0456\u043b\u044e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0439 (\u041d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0456\u043d\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f, 1984-1985). \u0412 \u0446\u044c\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043b\u0456 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0446\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u0437 \u0439\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0445\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044e \u0434\u043e \u0446\u0456\u043b\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0456\u0442\u043a\u043d\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0443\u043c\u0456\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0432.<\/p>\r\n<p>\u0423 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456 \u0437\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043a\u0430 1990-\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0454 \u0432\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u044e \u043c\u043e\u0432\u043e\u044e, \u0446\u0456\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0457\u0445 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0456\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0456\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0439. \u041d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0433\u0443 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0456 1930-\u0445, \u044f\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044f \u044f\u043a \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u2013 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0430 \u0456\u043d\u0456\u0446\u0456\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430. \u0411\u0430 \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435, \u0439\u043e\u0433\u043e \u00ab\u0406\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u044f \u0445\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438\u00bb \u043f\u0456\u0434\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0439\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0441\u0443\u0442\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0456\u043d\u043d\u044f. \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u0442\u0456 \u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u0431\u0456\u043e\u0437\u0443: \u00ab\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u044f \u0432\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044e \u0432 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0456 \u044f\u043a \u00ab\u043d\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u00bb, \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0449\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0456\u043c \u0432\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0456\u0432, \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0431\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044f \u0436\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0443\u0445\u0443 \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0446\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u00ab\u043d\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0443\u00bb. \u0414\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0456\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0443 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0439\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0441\u0443\u0442\u043d\u044f. \u0412\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0448\u043d\u044f \u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0456\u044f \u0441\u0443\u0441\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0439\u0431\u0443\u0442\u043d\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e\u00bb, \u0437\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0454 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0443 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0456 \u0434\u043e \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0438 [19]. \u041e\u0442\u0436\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457, \u00ab\u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439\u00bb \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u0446\u0435\u0439 \u0456\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0456\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0456\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c, \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0432 \u043c\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0445\u043e\u043b\u0456\u044e, \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0448\u0435 \u043d\u0456\u0436 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u043b.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https:\/\/www.moksop.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/12-1.jpg\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.4.3\" custom_margin=\"30px||||false|false\"][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.4.3\" text_font=\"|700|||||||\" text_font_size=\"14px\" text_line_height=\"1.8em\" text_orientation=\"center\" custom_margin=\"20px||30px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" locked=\"off\"]Mikhailov, Boris.<em> Case History<\/em>. Zurich: Scalo, 1999. \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0456\u044f \u2013 1997-1998 \u0440\u0440.[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.4.3\"]<p>\u0420\u043e\u0437\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456\u0448\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u00ab\u0406\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u0445\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438\u00bb, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0454 \u0437\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0443\u043c\u0456\u043b\u043e, \u0449\u043e \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0430\u043d\u0440\u0443. \u041d\u0430\u0439\u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0445\u0456\u0434 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0440\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0430\u0444\u043e\u0441\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0433\u0430\u0454 \u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0441\u0443\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456. \u0412 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0456 1930-\u0445 \u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0438\u0445, \u0445\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0430\u0454, \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0436\u0434\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u00ab\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0431\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456\u201d [20]. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0456\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0456, \u0442\u043e\u0431\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0456 \u0436\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0432\u0438 \u0441\u0443\u0441\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0449\u043e \u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043d\u0456\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044f \u043b\u0456\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043c\u0438, \u0431\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438, \u0436\u043e\u0440\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0456 \u0442.\u0434. \u00ab\u0414\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0456 \u0431\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0456\u00bb \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0456\u0432. \u0411\u0435\u0437\u0434\u043e\u0433\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0441\u043d\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0457\u0432\u043d\u0456, \u0432\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0434\u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u2013 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0439 \u00ab\u043f\u043e\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043c\u0430\u043a\u00bb, \u0442\u043e\u0431\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0443, \u0433\u0440\u0443\u0431\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0448\u0443\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u044f\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0443\u043c\u0456\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u044f\u043a \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043d \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u0456. \u00ab\u0411\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0456 \u0431\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0456\u00bb \u0437 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u0439 \u0410\u0411\u0424 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d \u0441\u0443\u0441\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0447\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u043b\u0456\u0437\u043c\u0456\u0432, \u0430\u043b\u0435 \u043d\u0456\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0431\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0447\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456.<\/p>\r\n<p>\u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0433\u0443\u0454 \u0456\u043c\u0456\u0434\u0436 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0456\u0431. \u0419\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0457 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044e \u0442\u0430 \u0433\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044e \u044f\u043a, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434, \u0433\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0457 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u0439 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0442 \u0411\u0443\u0440\u043a-\u0412\u0430\u0439\u0442, \u0423\u043e\u043a\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0415\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0430, \u0414\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0456 \u041b\u0435\u043d\u0433 \u0442\u0430 \u0456\u043d\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0443 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u0434\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0456\u0457. \u041d\u0430\u0432\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0438, \u0433\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0457 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u2019\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u044f\u0442\u044c, \u0440\u0438\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0443 \u0441\u043c\u0456\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0445, \u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043e\u0442\u043b\u043e\u0445 \u0456 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c \u00ab\u043f\u0456\u043a\u043d\u0456\u043a\u0438\u00bb \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0430\u0445. \u0412\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u043b\u044f\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044e\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0448\u043b\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a \u0443 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u044f\u0445, \u0437\u0430\u0439\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0446\u0456\u0454\u044e \u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043b\u043b\u044f, \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u044f\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0456\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0457\u0445\u043d\u0456\u0445 \u0442\u0456\u043b\u0430\u0445.<\/p>\r\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0456\u0442\u044c \u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0456, \u00ab\u0406\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u044f \u0445\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438\u00bb \u043d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0442\u0456\u043b\u0435\u0441\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044e. \u041c\u0430\u0442\u0456\u0430\u0441 \u041a\u0440\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d \u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0456 \u00ab\u0421\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0456 \u0442\u0456\u043b\u0430, \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0436\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u00bb \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0443\u0454 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0448\u043d\u0443 \u0456\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044e \u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0456\u043b\u0430 \u0443 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u044f\u0445 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 [21]. \u0421\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u0456\u043d\u0444\u0456\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0442\u0456\u043b\u0430 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0456\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043e\u044e \u0440\u0443\u0457\u043d \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u043f\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u044f\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u0456\u0434\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0457. \u0412 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0446\u044f \u0456\u0434\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0456\u044f \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0456\u043b\u0456, \u044f\u043a, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434, \u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443 \u0437 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c \u041b\u0435\u043d\u0456\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0434\u0456 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0432. \u0423\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0432 \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0444\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0456 \u0456\u0434\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0454\u044e \u0442\u0430 \u0445\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u044e (\u0447\u0438 \u0456\u0434\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0454\u044e-\u044f\u043a-\u0445\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u044e), \u0442\u0456\u043b\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u044e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0445\u0443 \u0456\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0457.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https:\/\/www.moksop.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/11.jpg\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.4.3\" custom_margin=\"30px||||false|false\"][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.4.3\" text_font=\"|700|||||||\" text_font_size=\"14px\" text_line_height=\"1.8em\" text_orientation=\"center\" custom_margin=\"20px||30px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" locked=\"off\"]Mikhailov, Boris.<em> Case History<\/em>. Zurich: Scalo, 1999. \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0456\u044f \u2013 1997-1998 \u0440\u0440.[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.4.3\" locked=\"off\"]\u0411\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u043c\u0438\u0441\u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0454 \u0446\u0456 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0447\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c, \u0449\u043e\u0431 \u0432\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0434\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0456 \u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0456 \u043c\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438. \u0417\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0454\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0446\u0456 \u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0456 \u0446\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0456 \u0441\u044e\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0438, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0456 \u044f\u043a \u0410\u0434\u0430\u043c \u0442\u0430 \u0404\u0432\u0430, \u044f\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0443\u0454 \u0439\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u044f\u0431\u043b\u0443\u043a\u043e; \u043e\u0433\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0456 \u041e\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0441\u043a\u0438. \u0414\u0435\u044f\u043a\u0456 \u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0456 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0438. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434, \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e \u041b\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0434\u043e \u0414\u0430 \u0412\u0456\u043d\u0447\u0456 \u00ab\u041c\u0430\u0434\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u0437 \u0414\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0442\u0430 \u0421\u0432\u044f\u0442\u043e\u044e \u0410\u043d\u043d\u043e\u044e\u00bb, 1503 \u0447\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0420\u0435\u043c\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0442\u0430 \u00ab\u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442 \u0437 \u0421\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0456\u0454\u044e \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0456\u043d\u0430\u0445, \u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0447\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0431\u043b\u0443\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0430\u00bb, 1635. \u041d\u0430\u0432\u0456\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0433\u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u043e\u0431\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0437 \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0454\u044e \u043c\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0446\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0430\u0447, \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e,\u0439 \u043d\u0435 \u0456\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0456\u043a\u0443\u0454 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0456\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0446\u0438\u0445 \u0446\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442, \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0433\u0430\u0434\u0443\u0454 \u0457\u0445\u043d\u044e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0443 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0449\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0431\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0456, \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0456 \u0441\u044e\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0438, \u0449\u043e \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0444\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0454\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438. \u0417\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044f\u043a\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0456 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u043b\u0435\u0433\u0456\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0456\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u044e \u043c\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0446\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0456\u0431\u043b\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0456 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u0447\u0438 \u00ab\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u044e \u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044e\u00bb \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0454\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0436\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0437 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u044e \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043e\u044e, \u044f\u043a\u0430 \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043c\u0443\u0454, \u043d\u0456\u0436 \u0443\u0442\u0456\u0448\u0430\u0454 \u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430.[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_gallery gallery_ids=\"173364,173350,173362,173360\" fullwidth=\"on\" _builder_version=\"4.4.3\" custom_margin=\"30px||||false|false\"][\/et_pb_gallery][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.4.3\" text_font=\"|700|||||||\" text_font_size=\"14px\" text_line_height=\"1.8em\" text_orientation=\"center\" custom_margin=\"20px||30px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" locked=\"off\"]Mikhailov, Boris.<em> Case History<\/em>. Zurich: Scalo, 1999. \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0456\u044f \u2013 1997-1998 \u0440\u0440.[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.4.3\" locked=\"off\"]<p>\u0411\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u0439 \u0443 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0456 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043c\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0456 \u043c\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0456, \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u043c \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0447\u0438 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445, \u0443\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0456\u043b \u0445\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0456\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445. \u0426\u0456 \u0442\u0456\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0442\u0430\u043a, \u00ab\u044f\u043a \u0454\u00bb: \u0444\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e, \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u044c\u043a\u043e, \u0437 \u0443\u0441\u0456\u043c\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0457\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438. \u0412\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434, \u0449\u043e \u0439\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0443\u0454 \u043d\u0430 \u0446\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0456\u0437 \u043a\u043b\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0448\u0435 \u043d\u0456\u0436 \u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0443. \u0426\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0443 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0454\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0426\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434, \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0422\u0430\u0491\u0491 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0454 \u0432 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0454\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0441\u0443\u0431\u2019\u0454\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0446\u0438\u043f\u043b\u0456\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0456\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0446\u0456\u044f\u0445, \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0443 \u043f\u0441\u0438\u0445\u0456\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043b\u0456\u043a\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0456 \u0447\u0438 \u0442\u044e\u0440\u043c\u0438, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e\u044e \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u0457 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0456\u043b\u043e.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https:\/\/www.moksop.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/18.jpg\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.4.3\" custom_margin=\"30px||||false|false\"][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.4.3\" text_font=\"|700|||||||\" text_font_size=\"14px\" text_line_height=\"1.8em\" text_orientation=\"center\" custom_margin=\"20px||30px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" locked=\"off\"]Mikhailov, Boris.<em> Case History<\/em>. Zurich: Scalo, 1999. \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0456\u044f \u2013 1997-1998 \u0440\u0440.[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.4.3\" locked=\"off\"]<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0411\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430, \u043c\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0446\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u044f\u043a \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0456\u0431 \u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u0457 [22]. \u0421\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u043c \u043c\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0446\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044e\u0454 \u0440\u0456\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c \u00ab\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0456\u0443\u043c\u0443\u00bb, \u0440\u0456\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0454 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043c\u0443, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044e\u0454 \u0457\u0457 \u043d\u0430 \u0449\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043c\u0435, \u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0436\u0435, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0454\u043d\u0435, \u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0436\u0435 \u2013 \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0456\u043f\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u0443\u0432\u0430\u0433\u0438. \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0448\u0443\u0454 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0439\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044f \u043c\u0456\u0436 \u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e \u043c\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0446\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u0442\u0430 \u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0454\u044e \u043a\u043b\u0456\u043d\u0456\u0447\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u044e, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438, \u0430\u043b\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0440\u044f\u0434 \u0447\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0443 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0456 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043c\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0446\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0438. \u041d\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0447\u0438 \u0456\u043d\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0438\u043f \u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u0457\u0445\u043d\u0454 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0439\u0434\u0443\u0454 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f. \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044e\u0454 \u0432\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0435\u043a\u0432\u0456\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0456\u0440\u043e\u043a, \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0430\u0447 \u043f\u0456\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0454 \u00ab\u0432\u00bb \u0442\u0430 \u00ab\u0437\u00bb \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438.<\/p>\r\n<p>\u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 1930-\u0445 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0454 \u0434\u043e \u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0456\u0432 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0437\u0430\u0439\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a \u00ab\u0442\u0438\u00bb \u2013 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0431\u0443\u0440\u044e\u0454 \u0457\u0445 \u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0454 \u0435\u043c\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0456\u0457: \u0448\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438, \u0441\u043f\u0456\u0432\u0447\u0443\u0442\u0442\u044f, \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f [23]. \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0454 \u0446\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u043c \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0456\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0456\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430. \u041f\u0456\u0434\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0443\u0442 \u0456\u043d\u0448\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443. \u0412\u043e\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044e\u0454 \u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u0456\u0432\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0456 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u0457 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044e\u044e\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u00ab\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0447\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043f\u0456\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457\u00bb, \u0448\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0445\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u0434\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0436 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457. \u00ab\u0406\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u044f \u0445\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438\u00bb \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0454 \u0434\u0435\u0431\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0435\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443, \u0430\u043b\u0435 \u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0456 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u044f\u043a \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0440\u0443\u0431\u0456\u0436 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0443 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f.<\/p>\r\n<p>\u041e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0454 \u0456 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0430\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0448\u0435 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0433\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0456\u043a\u0443 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0430\u043d\u0440\u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0431\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u044f\u0445, \u0434\u0435 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0430\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0443\u0454 \u044f\u043a \u0433\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0454\u0457 \u0432\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0456. \u041d\u0430 \u043a\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0445 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0456\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0456\u0434\u0430\u0454 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0456\u044e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u0449\u043e \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0454 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0456 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u0437\u0456\u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0443\u0430\u0439\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043c \u0456\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0456\u043a\u0443\u0454 \u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0456\u0432 \u044f\u043a \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0443\u0430\u0439\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043a\u0443: \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0442\u0438\u043c, \u0445\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0433\u0430\u0454 \u2013 \u0447\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u0443\u0430\u0439\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043c \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u0435 \u0454 \u0441\u0443\u0442\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u0457? \u0410\u043b\u0435 \u0449\u043e \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e, \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u0437 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u0439 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0430\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0456\u0440\u044f\u0454 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0443\u0431\u2019\u0454\u043a\u0442\u0430, \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438 \u0436 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u044f\u043a \u0456 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456.<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https:\/\/www.moksop.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/19.jpg\" align=\"center\" _builder_version=\"4.4.3\" custom_margin=\"30px||||false|false\"][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.4.3\" text_font=\"|700|||||||\" text_font_size=\"14px\" text_line_height=\"1.8em\" text_orientation=\"center\" custom_margin=\"20px||30px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"||||false|false\" locked=\"off\"]Mikhailov, Boris.<em> Case History<\/em>. Zurich: Scalo, 1999. \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0456\u044f \u2013 1997-1998 \u0440\u0440.[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.4.3\" locked=\"off\"]<p>\u0417 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043a\u0443, \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0435 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u044f\u0434 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0454\u0457 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0456 \u0437\u0431\u0456\u0433\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0437 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043e\u044e \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u044f\u043a\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0433\u0430\u0454 \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456-\u044f\u043a-\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043a\u0443. \u0417\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0435\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0437 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0456\u0439. \u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440-\u0441\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043e\u043a \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0432 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0443 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0457\u0445 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0445, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u0434\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043c\u0456\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0434\u0437\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0449\u0456 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0433\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0457\u0432 \u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0456. \u0421\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0442\u043d\u044f \u044f\u043a \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0435\u0441\u0435\u044f\u0445, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0456 \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u043b\u0456\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0456 1930-\u0445, \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0456 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0434\u043c\u0456\u0440\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0456\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0448\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0442 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 [24]. \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0456\u044e\u0454 \u0446\u044e \u0436\u0430\u043d\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u0441\u0445\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e: \u043c\u0456\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u0432\u0456\u043d \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0456\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0454 \u0437 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0434\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0413\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0457 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0456\u0457 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0449\u0456\u0432, \u0437\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0438, \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0438\u044f\u0446\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0442\u0430 \u0431\u0456\u0439\u043e\u043a \u2013 \u0446\u0456\u043b\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043e\u0447\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430.<\/p>\r\n<p>\u0412 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0456 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043e\u0446\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u043c\u0430\u0454 \u0456 \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448 \u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442. \u0412\u043e\u043d\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0443\u043c\u0456\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u044f\u043a \u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0434\u044f\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0456\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432\u2019\u044f\u0437\u043e\u043a \u0437 \u0432\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0456\u0432. \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443\u0454 \u0446\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0438\u043f \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043e\u0446\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0449\u043e \u00ab\u0406\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0456\u044f \u0445\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438\u00bb \u0456\u0434\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0456\u0437 \u0456\u0437 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0434\u044f\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u044e \u0437\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0447\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0443\u0440\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0441\u0443\u0441\u043f\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e-\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0456\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0456\u043c\u0456\u0434\u0436\u0443 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0438 [25].<\/p>\r\n<p>\u041e\u0442\u0436\u0435, \u0432\u0456\u043d \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c 1990-\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0449\u043e\u0431 \u0432\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0456\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0437 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u2019\u044f\u0442\u0456 \u0442\u0430\u043a, \u044f\u043a \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0456\u043d\u044e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043e\u0446\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0443, \u0432\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0456\u0442\u044c \u0456 \u0437\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0442\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0434\u044f\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u0432\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0456.<\/p>\r\n<p>\u041e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e \u043c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0456\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u044f\u043a \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437 \u0433\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0457\u0432 \u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0456 \u043c\u0430\u0454 \u0449\u0435 \u0439 \u0456\u043d\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442, \u043a\u0440\u0456\u043c \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043e\u0446\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u044f\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0447\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0434\u044f\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432\u2019\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0443. \u0417\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0430, \u0439\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u044e, \u0434\u0435 \u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0443 \u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0443 \u0437 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u044e. \u041c\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u044f\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u043b\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u043c\u0456\u0449\u0430\u0454 \u0442\u0456\u043b\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0457 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438. \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043d\u0456\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0456\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e, \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0456\u0431\u0433\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438, \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0444\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e. \u0423 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0456 \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0439,\u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u2013 \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0456\u0439. \u0411\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0456\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0443, \u0439\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0436\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0456\u043b\u043e \u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0439\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0433\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435 \u0432\u0456\u043d \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0454 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u0437 \u2013 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044f\u0447\u0438 \u0443 \u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0442\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a.<\/p>\r\n<p>\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0430 \u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0456\u0432\u043d\u044e\u0454 \u0439\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u2013 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0457. \u0425\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0454\u044e \u043e\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0456\u0447\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0441\u0443\u0442\u0442\u044e \u0454 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0442\u0430 \u00ab\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043c\u00bb. \u0425\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0443\u0454 \u0437 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0433\u0456\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0443, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0439\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u043c\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0456 \u0447\u0438 \u0435\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0449\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0443\u043c\u0456\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u043c\u0456\u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0454 \u0437\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043e\u044e, \u0449\u043e\u0431\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0437 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u044f\u0433 \u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0443\u0442\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0446\u0456\u0454\u0457 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0438. \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u043e \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u0432\u0456\u043d \u0437\u0433\u0430\u0434\u0443\u0454 \u0443 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0456 \u0434\u043e \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0438, \u0434\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0454 \u0439\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445, \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0440\u043e\u044e \u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0454\u044e \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0457 \u0441\u0443\u0431\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438 \u0437 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u0434\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0439\u043e\u043c\u0446\u0456\u0432, \u0437 \u043e\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435, \u0449\u043e \u0446\u044f \u0441\u0443\u0431\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0454 \u0444\u0456\u0437\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u043d\u0443\u0449\u0430\u043d\u044c. \u0429\u043e\u0431\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c \u0442\u0430 \u0435\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443, \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0456\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0438, \u0434\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0456\u043d\u0447\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0430 \u0449\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0454 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u2013 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0430-\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0430-\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0431\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0442\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456 \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438. \u0421\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u043a\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0443 \u0437\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0456 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0439 \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0454 \u0440\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0456\u044e \u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430. \u0421\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u0446\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0456\u044e \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0456\u0443\u043c, \u0449\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441-\u043a\u0432\u043e, \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u0432\u0440\u0443\u0454 \u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u044f\u043a \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0456\u044e.<\/p>\r\n<p>\u0417\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0444\u0456\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0456\u044f \u043b\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0456 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043d \u043c\u0456\u0436 \u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0442\u0430 \u0439\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u2019\u0454\u043a\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u043e \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0433\u0443\u043a\u0456\u0432, \u0443 \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0437\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0435\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445. \u0412\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0431\u043e\u0446\u0456 \u0446\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043d \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0432 \u0456\u043d\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0456\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u043c\u0456\u0440, \u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u2013 \u0435\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457.<\/p>\r\n<p>\u0427\u0438 \u0456\u0441\u043d\u0443\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0456, \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0430 \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438? \u0427\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u0449\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0446\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0456? \u0417\u0430 \u044f\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0443 \u043f\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0456 \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f? \u0429\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0456 \u0437\u043c\u0456\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0446\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0443? \u041a\u0438\u043c \u0454 \u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0443 \u0446\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u2013 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c, \u044f\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438, \u0447\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c, \u044f\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0445\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0442\u0438?<\/p>\r\n<p>\u0423\u0441\u0456 \u0446\u0456 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0437\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u044f\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0447\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430. \u041c\u043e\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e, \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0449\u043e \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043b\u0456\u043c\u0456\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0445\u0443\u0454 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0448\u043d\u0456\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0430 \u0433\u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0456\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u0443 \u0454\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0446\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0443. \u0420\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0437 \u0446\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u0443 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u044f\u043a\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0447\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a, \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0438\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u00ab\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457\u00bb, \u0434\u043e \u044f\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0431\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0434\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a, \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0447\u0443\u0454 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0457\u043c \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c \u0433\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0456 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f.<\/p>\r\n<p>\u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u043c\u0438\u0441\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0431\u0443\u0440\u044e\u0454 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u0432\u0456\u0434 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0454\u0457 \u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044c\u043e\u0457 \u0434\u0456\u044f\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u0443 1960-\u0445. \u0412\u0456\u043d \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0432 \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0456\u043f\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434 \u041a\u0414\u0411 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0443 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0456\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0434\u044f\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0443: \u0432\u0456\u043d \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u043e\u0433\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u0442\u0456\u043b\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u00ab\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439\u00bb \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0456\u0431 \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0442\u044f \u0437 \u0439\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0456\u043b\u043b\u044f\u043c, \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0456\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u2013 \u0456\u043d\u0448\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u044f\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0456\u043d\u043a\u0438, \u0449\u043e \u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u044f\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0443\u0431\u2019\u0454\u043a\u0442\u0443. \u0406 \u0432 \u0446\u044c\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u044f\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0456 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0443\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0456\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0439\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044c\u043e\u0457 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0457\u0457 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443 \u0431\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u2013 \u0432 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0456 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0456\u0457 \u0449\u043e\u0434\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c \u0440\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457<span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p><em><strong>\u0414\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043b \u0431\u0443\u043b\u043e \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0443\u043b\u0456\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456 Korydor \u0432 2016 \u0440\u043e\u0446\u0456:<\/strong> <\/em>http:\/\/www.korydor.in.ua\/ua\/stories\/urbanistichna-opera-borysa-myhailova.html<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.4.3\" custom_margin=\"||||false|false\" custom_padding=\"30px||||false|false\" border_width_top=\"1px\" border_color_top=\"#d8d8d8\" border_color_bottom=\"#d8d8d8\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.4.3\" custom_padding=\"|||\" custom_css_main_element=\"margin: auto;\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.4.3\" ol_font_size=\"15px\" ol_line_height=\"1.6em\"]1.\tBoris Mikhailov, Case History (Zurich: Scalo, 1985).\r\n2.\tIbid., 5.\r\n3.\t\u041e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448 \u0437\u0430\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0430\u0436\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0456\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0434\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0443 Matthias Christen, \u201cSymbolic Bodies, Real Pain: Post-Soviet History, Boris Mikhailov and the Impasse of Documentary Photography,\u201d \u0432 The Image and the Witness. Trauma, Memory and Visual Culture (London: Wallflower Press, 2007), 52 \u2013 66. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 Viktor Misiano and Anna Pilkington, \u201cThe Ethics of a View: Notes on Boris Mikhailov,\u201d \u0432 Afterall: A Journal of Art, Context, and Enquiry 21 (2005), 72 \u2013 79. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436, Alla Efimova and Boris Mihailov, \u201cPhotographic Ethics in the Work of Boris Mihailov,\u201d \u0432 Art Journal 53, no. 2 (1994), 63 \u2013 69. \u0422\u0430 Walead Beshty, \u201cToward an Empathic Resistance: Boris Mikhailov\u2019s Embodied Documents,\u201d \u0432 Afterall: A Journal of Art, Context, and Enquiry 12 (2005), 80 \u2013 88.\r\n4.\tBoris Mikhailov and Eva Respini, \u201cA Conversation with Boris Mikhailov.\u201d Accessed May 18, 2015.\r\n5.\tNicolas Bourriaud, \u201cNotes on Boris Mikhailov,\u201d in Boris Mikhailov. I\u2019ve Been Here Once Before, edited by David Teboul (Munich: Hirmer Verlag GmbH, 2011), 9 \u2013 12.\r\n6.\tCarl Plantinga, \u201cWhat a Documentary Is, After All,\u201d in Documentary (Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 2013), 52 \u2013 62.\r\n7.\tKaja Silverman, The Subject of Semiotics (Oxford: Oxford UP, 1983), 19.\r\n8.\tIbid., 52.\r\n9.\tJohn Tagg, The Burden of Representation. Essays on Photographies and Histories (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1993).\r\n10.\tIbid., 62 \u2013 63.\r\n11.\tIbid., 8.\r\n12.\tStott, Documentary Expression, 4.\r\n13.\tWalead Beshty, \u201cToward an Empathic Resistance: Boris Mikhailov\u2019s Embodied Documents,\u201d \u0432 Afterall: A Journal of Art, Context, and Enquiry 12 (2005), 80 \u2013 81.\r\n14.\t\u0424\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0412\u0456\u043b\u044c\u044f\u043c\u0443 \u0421\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0442\u0443, \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0454 \u0457\u0457 \u0443 \u0444\u0456\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0456\u043b\u0456 Documentary Expression and Thirties America, \u0434\u0435 \u0432\u0456\u043d \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0454  \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0443 \u0423\u043e\u043b\u043a\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0415\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0430 \u0442\u0430 \u0414\u0436\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0441\u0430 \u0415\u0439\u0434\u0436\u0456 Let Us Know Praise Famous Men \u044f\u043a \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443, \u0449\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0437\u044e\u043c\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u0443\u0445 1930-\u0445 \u0440\u0440. \u0432 \u0421\u0428\u0410 \u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0456\u0432\u0435\u043b\u044e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456 \u0448\u0430\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0438, \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u043a\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0430\u043d\u0440\u0443. \u0417\u0433\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0456 \u0421\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0439\u0448\u043b\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0456\u0441\u043d\u043e\u044e,  \u0432\u0456\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u043e\u044e \u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0456\u0442\u044c \u0436\u043e\u0440\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u044e \u0443 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0442\u0456. \u0412\u0456\u043d \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e \u0437\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044e \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u0415\u0439\u0434\u0436\u0456, \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0454 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0430\u0436\u0443. \u0412\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0437 \u201c\u043d\u0456\u0432\u0435\u043b\u044e\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0456 \u0448\u0430\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0438\u201d \u0437\u0434\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0449\u043e\u0434\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0431\u0456\u0442 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u044f\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0441\u0443\u043d\u0443\u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0456 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0449\u0435 \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0447\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0432\u043d\u044e\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0439\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0434\u043a\u043e \u0432 \u0436\u043e\u0440\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0456\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0456. William Stott, Documentary Expression and Thirties America (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1973), 261 \u2013 266.\r\n15.\tBourriaud, Notes, 9 \u2013 10.\r\n16.\tBeshty, EmpathicResistance, 82.\r\n17.\tMisiano and Pilkington, Ethics of a View, 76 \u2013 77.\r\n18.\tFrancois Prodromides, \u201cRed Babylon,\u201d in Boris Mikhailov. I\u2019ve Been Here Once Before, edited by David Teboul (Munich: HirmerVerlag GmbH, 2011), 26.\r\n19.\tMikhailov, Case History, 4 \u2013 5.\r\n20.\tStott, Documentary Expression, 57 \u2013 63.\r\n21.\tMatthias Christen, \u201cSymbolic Bodies, Real Pain: Post-Soviet History, Boris Mikhailov and the Impasse of Documentary Photography,\u201d in The Image and the Witness. Trauma, Memory and Visual Culture (London: Wallflower Press, 2007), 52 \u2013 66.\r\n22.\tRoland Barthes, Camera Lucida. Reflections on Photography (New York: Hill and Wang, 1981).\r\n23.\tStott, Documentary Expression, 28.\r\n24.\tIbid., 36 \u2013 42.\r\n25.\tMikhailov, Case History, 6 \u2013 7.[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.4.3\" custom_margin=\"||30px||false|false\" custom_padding=\"10px||10px\" border_width_top=\"1px\" border_color_top=\"#d8d8d8\" border_width_bottom=\"1px\" border_color_bottom=\"#d8d8d8\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"3.0.47\" custom_padding=\"|||\" custom_css_main_element=\"margin: auto;\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.4.3\" _dynamic_attributes=\"content\" link_font_size=\"14px\" text_orientation=\"center\"]@ET-DC@eyJkeW5hbWljIjp0cnVlLCJjb250ZW50IjoicG9zdF90YWdzIiwic2V0dGluZ3MiOnsiYmVmb3JlIjoiIiwiYWZ0ZXIiOiIiLCJsaW5rX3RvX3Rlcm1fcGFnZSI6Im9uIiwic2VwYXJhdG9yIjoiIHwgIiwiY2F0ZWdvcnlfdHlwZSI6InBvc3RfdGFnIn19@[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"4.4.3\" max_width=\"70%\" max_width_tablet=\"100%\" max_width_phone=\"100%\" max_width_last_edited=\"on|phone\" module_alignment=\"center\" custom_margin=\"||||false|false\" custom_padding=\"0||0||false|false\" saved_tabs=\"all\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"4.4.3\" custom_padding=\"||0px||false|false\" border_width_bottom=\"1px\" border_color_bottom=\"#d3d3d3\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.4.3\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.4.3\" header_4_font=\"Open Sans|700|||||||\" header_4_font_size=\"22px\"]<h4>\u0427\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436:<\/h4>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"1_2,1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.4.3\" custom_padding=\"20px||||false|false\"][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.4.3\"][et_pb_post_nav in_same_term=\"on\" show_next=\"off\" _builder_version=\"4.4.3\" title_font=\"Open Sans||||on||||\" title_text_color=\"#666666\" title_text_color__hover_enabled=\"on|hover\" title_text_color__hover=\"#a5a5a5\"][\/et_pb_post_nav][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_2\" _builder_version=\"4.4.3\"][et_pb_post_nav in_same_term=\"on\" show_prev=\"off\" _builder_version=\"4.4.3\" title_font=\"Open Sans||||on||||\" title_text_color=\"#666666\" title_text_color__hover_enabled=\"on|hover\" title_text_color__hover=\"#a5a5a5\"][\/et_pb_post_nav][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]","_et_gb_content_width":""},"categories":[232],"tags":[253,259,256,258],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v18.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Urban opera of Boris Mikhailov &ndash; MOKSOP<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Boris Mikhailov recorded this condition of a \u201czero state\u201d of the new society in his photographic project \u201cCase History\u201d, executed in 1997 \u2013 1998.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/moksop.org\/en\/urban-opera-of-boris-mikhailov\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Urban opera of Boris Mikhailov &ndash; MOKSOP\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Boris Mikhailov recorded this condition of a \u201czero state\u201d of the new society in his photographic project \u201cCase History\u201d, executed in 1997 \u2013 1998.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/moksop.org\/en\/urban-opera-of-boris-mikhailov\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"MOKSOP\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/moksop\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-04-08T10:47:35+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-04-22T18:47:37+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/moksop.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/mikhailov_prv2-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1080\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"650\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Olena Chervonik\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"37 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.moksop.org\/#organization\",\"name\":\"\u041c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0439 \u0425\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0456\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u0457\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.moksop.org\/\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/moksop\/\",\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/moksop_museum\/\",\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UChNhsNFdAFlXEcVEw4BO5rg\"],\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.moksop.org\/#logo\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.moksop.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/logo-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.moksop.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/logo-1.png\",\"width\":136,\"height\":60,\"caption\":\"\u041c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0439 \u0425\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0456\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u0457\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.moksop.org\/#logo\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.moksop.org\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.moksop.org\/\",\"name\":\"MOKSOP\",\"description\":\"Museum of Kharkiv School of Photography\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.moksop.org\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.moksop.org\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/moksop.org\/en\/urban-opera-of-boris-mikhailov\/#primaryimage\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/moksop.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/mikhailov_prv2-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/moksop.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/mikhailov_prv2-1.jpg\",\"width\":1080,\"height\":650,\"caption\":\"\u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/moksop.org\/en\/urban-opera-of-boris-mikhailov\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/moksop.org\/en\/urban-opera-of-boris-mikhailov\/\",\"name\":\"Urban opera of Boris Mikhailov &ndash; MOKSOP\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.moksop.org\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/moksop.org\/en\/urban-opera-of-boris-mikhailov\/#primaryimage\"},\"datePublished\":\"2020-04-08T10:47:35+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-04-22T18:47:37+00:00\",\"description\":\"Boris Mikhailov recorded this condition of a \u201czero state\u201d of the new society in his photographic project \u201cCase History\u201d, executed in 1997 \u2013 1998.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/moksop.org\/en\/urban-opera-of-boris-mikhailov\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/moksop.org\/en\/urban-opera-of-boris-mikhailov\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/moksop.org\/en\/urban-opera-of-boris-mikhailov\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"MOKSOP\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/moksop.org\/en\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"History and analytics\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/moksop.org\/category\/istoriia-ta-analityka\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Urban opera of Boris Mikhailov\"}]},{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/moksop.org\/en\/urban-opera-of-boris-mikhailov\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/moksop.org\/en\/urban-opera-of-boris-mikhailov\/#webpage\"},\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.moksop.org\/#\/schema\/person\/21b62a630734115f294469cb9be656e6\"},\"headline\":\"Urban opera of Boris Mikhailov\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-04-08T10:47:35+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-04-22T18:47:37+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/moksop.org\/en\/urban-opera-of-boris-mikhailov\/#webpage\"},\"wordCount\":7308,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.moksop.org\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/moksop.org\/en\/urban-opera-of-boris-mikhailov\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/moksop.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/mikhailov_prv2-1.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Boris Mikhailov\",\"documentary photography\",\"Kharkiv school of photography\",\"MOKSOP\"],\"articleSection\":[\"History and analytics\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.moksop.org\/#\/schema\/person\/21b62a630734115f294469cb9be656e6\",\"name\":\"Olena Chervonik\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/moksop.org\/en\/author\/olena-chervonik\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Urban opera of Boris Mikhailov &ndash; MOKSOP","description":"Boris Mikhailov recorded this condition of a \u201czero state\u201d of the new society in his photographic project \u201cCase History\u201d, executed in 1997 \u2013 1998.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/moksop.org\/en\/urban-opera-of-boris-mikhailov\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Urban opera of Boris Mikhailov &ndash; MOKSOP","og_description":"Boris Mikhailov recorded this condition of a \u201czero state\u201d of the new society in his photographic project \u201cCase History\u201d, executed in 1997 \u2013 1998.","og_url":"https:\/\/moksop.org\/en\/urban-opera-of-boris-mikhailov\/","og_site_name":"MOKSOP","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/moksop\/","article_published_time":"2020-04-08T10:47:35+00:00","article_modified_time":"2020-04-22T18:47:37+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1080,"height":650,"url":"https:\/\/moksop.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/mikhailov_prv2-1.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Olena Chervonik","Est. reading time":"37 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.moksop.org\/#organization","name":"\u041c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0439 \u0425\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0456\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u0457","url":"https:\/\/www.moksop.org\/","sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/moksop\/","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/moksop_museum\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UChNhsNFdAFlXEcVEw4BO5rg"],"logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.moksop.org\/#logo","inLanguage":"en-US","url":"https:\/\/www.moksop.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/logo-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.moksop.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/logo-1.png","width":136,"height":60,"caption":"\u041c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0439 \u0425\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0456\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0457 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0456\u0457"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.moksop.org\/#logo"}},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.moksop.org\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.moksop.org\/","name":"MOKSOP","description":"Museum of Kharkiv School of Photography","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.moksop.org\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.moksop.org\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/moksop.org\/en\/urban-opera-of-boris-mikhailov\/#primaryimage","inLanguage":"en-US","url":"https:\/\/moksop.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/mikhailov_prv2-1.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/moksop.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/mikhailov_prv2-1.jpg","width":1080,"height":650,"caption":"\u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441 \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/moksop.org\/en\/urban-opera-of-boris-mikhailov\/#webpage","url":"https:\/\/moksop.org\/en\/urban-opera-of-boris-mikhailov\/","name":"Urban opera of Boris Mikhailov &ndash; MOKSOP","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.moksop.org\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/moksop.org\/en\/urban-opera-of-boris-mikhailov\/#primaryimage"},"datePublished":"2020-04-08T10:47:35+00:00","dateModified":"2020-04-22T18:47:37+00:00","description":"Boris Mikhailov recorded this condition of a \u201czero state\u201d of the new society in his photographic project \u201cCase History\u201d, executed in 1997 \u2013 1998.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/moksop.org\/en\/urban-opera-of-boris-mikhailov\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/moksop.org\/en\/urban-opera-of-boris-mikhailov\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/moksop.org\/en\/urban-opera-of-boris-mikhailov\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"MOKSOP","item":"https:\/\/moksop.org\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"History and analytics","item":"https:\/\/moksop.org\/category\/istoriia-ta-analityka\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Urban opera of Boris Mikhailov"}]},{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/moksop.org\/en\/urban-opera-of-boris-mikhailov\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/moksop.org\/en\/urban-opera-of-boris-mikhailov\/#webpage"},"author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.moksop.org\/#\/schema\/person\/21b62a630734115f294469cb9be656e6"},"headline":"Urban opera of Boris Mikhailov","datePublished":"2020-04-08T10:47:35+00:00","dateModified":"2020-04-22T18:47:37+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/moksop.org\/en\/urban-opera-of-boris-mikhailov\/#webpage"},"wordCount":7308,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.moksop.org\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/moksop.org\/en\/urban-opera-of-boris-mikhailov\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/moksop.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/mikhailov_prv2-1.jpg","keywords":["Boris Mikhailov","documentary photography","Kharkiv school of photography","MOKSOP"],"articleSection":["History and analytics"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.moksop.org\/#\/schema\/person\/21b62a630734115f294469cb9be656e6","name":"Olena Chervonik","url":"https:\/\/moksop.org\/en\/author\/olena-chervonik\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/moksop.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/174168"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/moksop.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/moksop.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/moksop.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/moksop.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=174168"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/moksop.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/174168\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/moksop.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/173049"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/moksop.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=174168"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/moksop.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=174168"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/moksop.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=174168"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}